The SOS chromotest: a review

Quillardet, Philippe; Hofnung, Maurice

doi:10.1016/0165-1110(93)90019-j

Cited by 236 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The Vitotox® test is a bacterial assay, similar to the SOS chromotest [13], based on the expression of repair genes induced by genotoxic agents. This bacterial SOS system is a DNA repair mechanism that reacts directly and immediately to DNA damage.…”

Section: Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

Four

Larebeke

Janssen

2004

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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Section: Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

Four

Larebeke

Janssen

2004

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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“…2). Fluoroquinolones (Ysern et al, 1990), which are DNAdamaging agents, or b-lactams, trimethoprim (Lewin & Amyes, 1991) or metronidazole (Quillardet & Hofnung, 1993) induce the SOS system and error-prone DNA polymerases (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Role Of the Sos System?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial hypermutation: clinical implications

Jolivet‐Gougeon

Kovács

Gall‐David

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Heritable hypermutation in bacteria is mainly due to alterations in the methyl-directed mismatch repair (MMR) system. MMR-deficient strains have been described from several bacterial species, and all of the strains exhibit increased mutation frequency and recombination, which are important mechanisms for acquired drug resistance in bacteria. Antibiotics select for drug-resistant strains and refine resistance determinants on plasmids, thus stimulating DNA recombination via the MMR system. Antibiotics can also act as indirect promoters of antibiotic resistance by inducing the SOS system and certain error-prone DNA polymerases. These alterations have clinical consequences in that efficacious treatment of bacterial infections requires high doses of antibiotics and/or a combination of different classes of antimicrobial agents. There are currently few new drugs with low endogenous resistance potential, and the development of such drugs merits further research. IntroductionEradication of infectious diseases is constantly challenged by micro-organisms that develop new survival strategies. Previous studies suggest that mutational events play a predominant role in bacterial adaptation and confer a selective advantage (Chou et al., 2009;Cooper, 2007). Early experiments aimed at detecting mutators used mutagenized laboratory strains of bacteria, sometimes coupled with different selection strategies. LeClerc et al. (1996) reported high mutation frequency among Escherichia coli and Salmonella pathogens, challenging the theory that mutators were rare among bacterial populations. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that natural populations could respond to environmental selection in two ways, i.e. by enhanced mutation frequencies and by recombination. Transient mutator status, which involves reversion or recombination within the mutator alleles or depletion of the methyl-directed mismatch repair (MMR) system proteins, allows the organism to temporarily benefit from the elevated mutation frequency for adaptation while reducing the risk of accumulating deleterious mutations. Using a mathematical model, Rosche & Foster (1999) showed that transient hypermutators play a role in adaptive mutation in E. coli. Molecular mechanisms of hypermutationProteins involved in the DNA mismatch repair pathway help replace nucleotides introduced erroneously into the replicated DNA and also hinder recombination between non-identical DNA sequences. Deficiencies in any of the DNA mismatch repair pathway mechanisms can lead to a hypermutator phenotype. DNA repairSiegel & Bryson (1967) discovered the mutS gene in an azaserine-resistant derivative of E. coli that had a mutator phenotype and carried a deletion in the mutS gene. The majority of naturally occurring strong mutators have defects in the MMR system; the mutations are mainly in mutS (Oliver et al., 2002), but deletions in genes encoding beta-clamp proteins and in mutH, mutL and mutU (uvrD) have also been described (Fig. 1). Inactivation of basal excision repair genes, e.g. mutY, mutM, ...

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“…This discrepancy could be explained by the fact that investigated doses in the present study were limited to the low dose range because the 96 -well microplates used were cauterized by the high concentrations. Reportedly, 8-hydroxyquinoline is not genotoxic in the SOS chromotest and the umu test Quillardet and Hofnung, 1993;Reifferscheid and Heil, 1996 . Possibly 8-hydroxyquinoline exerts its mutagenicity through an SOS-independent pathway.…”

Section: Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium strains are used in this system, TA104recN2-4 Genox strain , that contains the bacterial luciferase lux operon luxCDABE under transcriptional control of recN promoter, and TA104 pr1 Cytox strain , that constitutively expresses lux operon. , 1993;e Reifferscheid et al, 1996;f Sugimura, 1985;g McCann et al, 1975;h Nakamura et al, 1987;i Oda et al, 1995 scheid and Heil, 1996 . SOS response-based assays provide a result in a shorter period of time than the Ames test, i.e., within a day.…”

Section: Summar Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SOSIP, defined as Genox/Cytox ratio per nmol of compound, was calculated from the data showing linearity in the dose-response curves. Quillardet and Hofnung, 1993;Reifferscheid and Heil, 1996 . This discrepancy could be explained by the fact that investigated doses in the present study were limited to the low dose range because the 96 -well microplates used were cauterized by the high concentrations.…”

Section: Test Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Vitotox test as a high-throughput genotoxicity assay

Muto¹,

Baba²,

Uno³

2003

Environ. Mutagen Res.

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IntroductionRecently, new technologies such as pharmacogenomics and combinatorial chemistry have accelerated research for the development of new pharmaceuticals. While the number of chemicals to be evaluated has increased, the quantity of the compound available for testing has been limited. Under such situations, a high-throughput assay is required for rapid genotoxicity screening at the early stage of drug development.The Ames test is the most widely used as an initial screening of genotoxicity for newly synthesized chemicals Ames et al., 1975 . However, this assay has disadvantages for screening of a large number of chemicals, namely the use of time-consuming detection methods like colony counting and the need for about three days to obtain results.Alternatively, new bacterial assays, based on the measurement of the DNA damage-dependent induction of the bacterial SOS system, such as SOS chromo test, umu test and rec-lac test, have been developed since the early 1980's Quillardet et al., 1982;Oda et al., 1985;Nunoshiba and Nishioka, 1991

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The SOS chromotest: a review

Cited by 236 publications

References 148 publications

Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

Genotoxic and mutagenic activity of environmental air samples in Flanders, Belgium

Bacterial hypermutation: clinical implications

Evaluation of the Vitotox test as a high-throughput genotoxicity assay

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