The soundscape of the Anthropocene ocean

Duarte, Carlos M.; Chapuis, Lucille; Collin, Shaun P.; Costa, Daniel P.; Devassy, Reny P.; Eguı́luz, Vı́ctor M.; Erbe, Christine; Gordon, Timothy; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Harding, Harry R.; Havlik, Michelle-Nicole; Meekan, Mark G.; Merchant, Nathan D.; Miksis‐Olds, Jennifer L.; Parsons, Miles; Predragovic, Milica; Radford, Andrew N.; Radford, Craig A.; Simpson, Stephen D.; Slabbekoorn, Hans; Staaterman, Erica; Opzeeland, Ilse C. Van; Winderen, Jana; Zhang, Xiangliang; Juanes, Francis

doi:10.1126/science.aba4658

Cited by 538 publications

(368 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Hawkins et al [98] highlight the need for research on how fish respond to sounds at different levels and changes during the course of sound presentation while the sound characteristics (pressure and particle motion) are carefully measured. Further, Duarte et al [19] emphasized that a new, globally binding agreement on the regulation of anthropogenic sound in the sea is needed, e.g., by inclusion into the UN Law of the Sea. Some issues of high importance for better management decisions that remain unsolved include the extent and duration of displacement, as well as the thresholds of received sound levels or distances from the source that lead to avoidance of essential habitats, such as spawning, mating, or foraging sites for various species and animal groups.…”

Section: The Way Forward-the Science Needed To Make Good Management Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Sound from Seismic Surveys on Fish Reproduction, the Management Case from Norway

Sivle

Vereide

Jong

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Anthropogenic noise has been recognized as a source of concern since the beginning of the 1940s and is receiving increasingly more attention. While international focus has been on the effects of noise on marine mammals, Norway has managed seismic surveys based on the potential impact on fish stocks and fisheries since the late 1980s. Norway is, therefore, one of very few countries that took fish into account at this early stage. Until 1996, spawning grounds and spawning migration, as well as areas with drifting eggs and larvae were recommended as closed for seismic surveys. Later results showed that the effects of seismic surveys on early fish development stages were negligible at the population level, resulting in the opening of areas with drifting eggs and larvae for seismic surveys. Spawning grounds, as well as concentrated migration towards these, are still closed to seismic surveys, but the refinement of areas and periods have improved over the years. Since 2018, marine mammals have been included in the advice to management. The Norwegian case provides a clear example of evidence-based management. Here, we examine how scientific advancements informed the development of Norwegian management and how management questions were incorporated into new research projects in Norway.

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Section: The Way Forward-the Science Needed To Make Good Management Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may affect individual fitness and could, ultimately, lead to population and ecosystem-level consequences [10][11][12]. The effects of noise on aquatic life have been reviewed extensively (e.g., [7,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]). These reviews highlight the absence of observational evidence of population-level impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sound from Seismic Surveys on Fish Reproduction, the Management Case from Norway

Sivle

Vereide

Jong

et al. 2021

JMSE

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“…The marine environment is currently being utilized to an extent unprecedented in history, with an intensification of offshore windfarm construction, aquaculture, shipping and ongoing oil and gas exploration (Hildebrand 2009, Frisk 2012, Erbe et al 2019, Duarte et al 2021). As with the anthropogenic expansion on land, this increased activity leads to an increase in anthropogenic pressures in the oceans, with an emphasis on man‐made (anthropogenic) underwater sounds (OSPAR 2009, UN 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent‐based models to investigate sound impact on marine animals: bridging the gap between effects on individual behaviour and population level consequences

Mortensen

Chudzińska

Slabbekoorn

et al. 2021

Oikos

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Marine ambient sound levels have risen due to noisy human activities, such as shipping, fishing, seismic surveys and piling for windfarms. Marine mammals and fishes are two prominent taxonomic groups that are exposed to this noise pollution, which may experience detrimental effects at the population level. Acoustic effects on individual behaviour such as deterrence, disturbance, distraction and masking of biologically relevant sounds, can be translated energetically to changes in vital rates (growth, maturation, reproduction and survival) in a population consequences of acoustic disturbance (PCAD) approach. However, we typically neglect spatial variation in species distributions and noise pollution, while abiotic factors like temperature, bathymetry and currents, as well as habitat quality in terms of feeding or hiding opportunities, will also have a geographically variable impact on potential consequences. We here address the conceptual integration of agent based models (ABM) into the PCAD framework, as a suitable theoretical tool with high potential for the exploration of these spatial factors and their modifying role in noise impact assessment studies. We review five ABM case studies, including investigations into: 1) effects of movement strategy on the impact of explosions in harbour porpoise; 2) effects of disturbance sensitivity on pile driving impact on migrating cod; 3) impact of seismic survey sounds on Atlantic mackerel distribution and movement; 4) population‐level impact of mitigation of harbour porpoise bycatch with pingers; and 5) population effects of alternative windfarm construction scenarios in harbour porpoise. We discuss similarities and differences among these studies in sound and species mapping approaches and we evaluate model realism and pattern validation. We believe that ABMs are a valuable tool for integrating spatial information into ecological impact studies that investigate acoustic disturbance, for any type of sound source, and for both marine mammals and fish.

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“…Since the industrial revolution, the number of powered vessels has grown rapidly, bringing with them a new type of pollution, noise pollution (Andrew et al, 2002(Andrew et al, , 2011Frisk, 2012;Simmonds et al, 2014;Duarte et al, 2021). A recent review summarises the current knowledge on how the prevalence and intensity of anthropogenic noise pollution can affect the behaviour, physiology and ecology of tropical coral reef organisms (Ferrier-pages et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last two decades advances in technology have allowed us to study coldwater coral reefs, and simultaneously noise pollution from ships have increasingly affected marine soundscapes. While the effects of noise pollution on terrestrial ecosystems have been recognised, the effects on marine ecosystems are still widely understudied (Duarte et al, 2021). Anthropogenic noise, including vessel noise, can affect all frequencies (Duarte et al, 2021), but the 1/3-octave bands centred at 63, 100 and 125 Hz have often been used as indicators of lowfrequency vessel noise (Tasker et al, 2010;Peng et al, 2015;Merchant et al, 2016;Thomson and Barclay, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Sound at a Cold-Water Coral Reef to Assess the Impact of COVID-19 on Noise Pollution

Clippele

Risch

2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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This study compares the noise levels at the cold-water coral Tisler reef, before and after the closure of the border between Norway and Sweden, which occurred as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Tisler reef is a marine protected area located under a ferry “highway” that connects Norway and Sweden. Cold-water coral reefs are recognised as being important hotspots of both biodiversity and biomass, they function as breeding and nursing grounds for commercially important fish and are essential in providing ecosystem functions. Whilst studies have shown that fishery, ocean warming, and acidification threaten them, the effects of noise pollution on cold-water coral reefs remains unstudied. To study the severity of noise pollution at the Tisler reef, a long-term acoustic recorder was deployed from 29 January 2020 until 26 May 2020. From 15 March COVID-19 lockdown measures stopped passenger vessel traffic between Norway and Sweden. This study found that the overall noise levels were significantly lower after border closure, due to reduced ferry traffic, wind speeds, and sea level height. When comparing the median hourly noise levels of before vs. after border closure, this study measured a significant reduction in the 63–125 Hz 1/3 octave band noise levels of 8.94 ± 0.88 (MAD) dB during the day (07:00:00–19:59:59) and 1.94 ± 0.11 (MAD) dB during the night (20:00:00–06:59:59). Since there was no ferry traffic during the night, the drop in noise levels at night was likely driven by seasonal changes, i.e., the reduction in wind speed and sea level height when transitioning from winter to spring. Taking into account this seasonal effect, it can be deduced that the COVID-19 border closure reduced the noise levels in the 63–125 Hz 1/3 octave bands at the Tisler reef by 7.0 ± 0.99 (MAD) dB during the day. While the contribution of, and changes in biological, weather-related and geophysical sound sources remain to be assessed in more detail, understanding the extent of anthropogenic noise pollution at the Tisler cold-water coral reef is critical to guide effective management to ensure the long-term health and conservation of its ecosystem functions.

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The soundscape of the Anthropocene ocean

Cited by 538 publications

References 149 publications

Effects of Sound from Seismic Surveys on Fish Reproduction, the Management Case from Norway

Effects of Sound from Seismic Surveys on Fish Reproduction, the Management Case from Norway

Agent‐based models to investigate sound impact on marine animals: bridging the gap between effects on individual behaviour and population level consequences

Measuring Sound at a Cold-Water Coral Reef to Assess the Impact of COVID-19 on Noise Pollution

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