The source kitchen of the Niger Delta oils: case study on Nembe Creek E1.0 and the Kolo Creek E2.0 reservoirs

Abstract

The source kitchen of a petroleum system is that part of the pod of active source rock which is mature and generates the petroleum that charges the reservoir rock. The location of the source kitchen of a petroleum system is vital to the explorationist, its knowledge fosters the prediction of migratory pathways and the migratory losses prior to present times, also estimates potential volume of accumulation. Hither to, mapping of the petroleum basins was based on total organic carbon (TOC), hydrogen index (HI) signatures and maturity history of the source rock and has been used as the basis to suggest locations of petroleum kitchens. In contemporary times, 4D seismic or 3D time lapse geochemistry had been used to suggest location of source kitchen. However, settled is the concept of lateral maturity gradients, implying that within reservoir scales of a kilometer to tens of kilometers, regional petroleum emplacement direction could be deduced from subtle changes in maturity of successive charges of petroleum into the reservoir. In this study, the sterane isomerization ratio (20S/20S ? 20R aaaC 29 ) was used to determine the maturities of the hydrocarbons from various wells in the Kolo Creek and the Nembe Creek reservoirs. Subtle increases in maturities were observed to be in a NE-SW direction for the Kolo Creek reservoir and in a NW-SE direction for the Nembe Creek reservoir. The direction of increasing maturities relative to the location of the reservoirs could be extrapolated for both reservoirs towards offshore Gulf of Guinea; this is invariably the direction of location of the source kitchen for the Niger Delta oils.

Hydrocarbon Kitchen Evolution in the Early Cretaceous Bayingebi 2 Formation in the Chagan Depression, Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, North Central China

“…The hydrocarbon kitchen is the hydrocarbon supplying center that dominated hydrocarbon accumulation during the geological periods. 1 The evolution and migration characteristics of the hydrocarbon kitchen can be determined by comparing the amount of expelled hydrocarbon (i.e., the amount of the supplied hydrocarbon) of the main hydrocarbon supplying sags (i.e., source rocks) in the Chagan Depression. Based on the analysis of drilling and stratigraphic data and related samples in recent years, 14 , 15 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 this paper obtained the distribution of source rocks and geochemical characteristics distribution of source rocks in the Bayingebi 2 Formation of the Chagan Depression.…”

“…Therefore, the amount of expelled hydrocarbon of the source rocks in each sag during the geological periods can be calculated according to the maturity of source rocks, hydrocarbon generated, and expelled evolution histories. The hydrocarbon kitchen is the hydrocarbon supplying center that dominated hydrocarbon accumulation during the geological periods . The evolution and migration characteristics of the hydrocarbon kitchen can be determined by comparing the amount of expelled hydrocarbon (i.e., the amount of the supplied hydrocarbon) of the main hydrocarbon supplying sags (i.e., source rocks) in the Chagan Depression.…”

“…The researches on hydrocarbon kitchen have guiding significance for oil and gas exploration, and the locations of hydrocarbon kitchens are vital to geological prospectors to estimate the potential volume of accumulation. 1 The concept of hydrocarbon kitchen was first proposed by Thomas in 1985, and it was used to study the characteristics and distribution of source rock regions, including the location and distribution of hydrocarbon kitchen, the intensity of generated and expelled hydrocarbon from hydrocarbon kitchen, and the amount of generated and expelled hydrocarbon during different geological periods. 2 There have been a lot of researches on hydrocarbon kitchen.…”

Reconstructing the Age of Formation of some Crude Oil samples from the Niger Delta Basin using Biomarker Fingerprinting

“…Based on the petroleum system, the Niger Delta has an active petroleum system, which is Tertiary in age confined to the Akata-Agbada sediment sequence. 10 The Niger Delta Basin fill is the youngest of the three large sediment bodies that filled the aulacogen formed after the separation of the African and South American plates. It was initially built out over a transgressive Paleocene pro-delta as river-dominated lobes which later coalesced and became high-energy, wave-dominated, and tide-influenced depo-belts.…”

A computational method for determining oil expulsion efficiency based on the ideal effective oil expulsion mode

“…The vitrinite reflectance was less than 0.5%, corresponding to immature source rocks. Thus, these samples were ideal for this work (Abrakasa et al 2016;Ramachandran et al 2013;Blanc and Connan 1992;Espitalie 1985;Hang et al 2015;El Nady 2013;Pepper and Corvi 1995;Tissot et al 1987;Ayyildiz 2006;Li et al 2015b).…”