The source, level, and balance of nitrogen during the somatic embryogenesis process drive cellular differentiation

Duarte-Aké, Fátima; Márquez-López, Ruth E.; Monroy-Gonzalez, Zurisadai; Borbolla-Pérez, Verónica; Loyola‐Vargas, Víctor M.

doi:10.1007/s00425-022-04009-8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Another factor underlying the differences in the efficiencies of the different basal media were the ratios of different types of nitrogen (i.e., oxidized or reduced). This trend is in line with a previous study, which shows that SE induction and development is not only affected by nitrogen concentration, but also by the type of nitrogen [ 23 ]. In the present study, the ratio of NH 4 + to NO 3 − of the most efficient media was 1:2 or 1:4, whereas that of the least efficient media was 1:12 ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…During somatic embryogenesis, somatic cells undergo rapid morphological and biochemical changes. These changes demand large quantities of nitrogen, which is needed for the synthesis of large amounts of proteins and nucleic acids [ 23 ]. However, the difference in nitrogen concentration could not explain all the differences in the efficiency at which SEs were induced across the different media in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis, Regeneration and Acclimatization of Panax ginseng Meyer: True-to-Type Conformity of Plantlets as Confirmed by ISSR Analysis

Lee

Kim

Bang

et al. 2023

Plants

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Panax ginseng Meyer grows in east Russia and Asia. There is a high demand for this crop due to its medicinal properties. However, its low reproductive efficiency has been a hindrance to the crop’s widespread use. This study aims to establish an efficient regeneration and acclimatization system for the crop. The type of basal media and strength were evaluated for their effects on somatic embryogenesis, germination, and regeneration. The highest rate of somatic embryogenesis was achieved for the basal media MS, N6, and GD, with the optimal nitrogen content (≥35 mM) and NH4+/NO3− ratio (1:2 or 1:4). The full-strength MS medium was the best one for somatic embryo induction. However, the diluted MS medium had a more positive effect on embryo maturation. Additionally, the basal media affected shooting, rooting, and plantlet formation. The germination medium containing 1/2 MS facilitated good shoot development; however, the medium with 1/2 SH yielded outstanding root development. In vitro-grown roots were successfully transferred to soil, and they exhibited a high survival rate (86.3%). Finally, the ISSR marker analysis demonstrated that the regenerated plants were not different from the control. The obtained results provide valuable information for a more efficient micropropagation of various P. ginseng cultivars.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis, Regeneration and Acclimatization of Panax ginseng Meyer: True-to-Type Conformity of Plantlets as Confirmed by ISSR Analysis

Lee

Kim

Bang

et al. 2023

Plants

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Synergistic effects of L-glutamine and inorganic nitrogen molar ratios enhance the induction of somatic embryogenesis of Pinus maximinoi H.E. Moore

Nzama,

Myburg,

Hills

2024

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Clonal breeding programs of Pinus maximinoi require the establishment of a robust somatic embryogenesis (SE) protocol to produce enough cell lines to accelerate the effective continuous deployment of elite planting stocks to research and commercial compartments. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from immature zygotic embryo explants enclosed in megagametophytes of P. maximinoi collected from two plantations located in different climatic conditions. Cones were collected during the winter months from July to August and the influence of seed family, cone collection date and culture medium formulation, with emphasis on the organic and inorganic nitrogen supply, were studied. Ammonium to nitrate molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 in modified Litvay’s medium (mLV) produced the highest numbers of extrusions, while a 1:4 ratio mostly produced unhealthy, non-embryogenic extrusions. The formation of a tissue showing a rapidly-proliferating, spiky morphotype was produced in a medium supplemented with 1.5 g/L of L-glutamine. Morphologically advanced cultures with nodular structures were produced in megagametophytes from both plantations in a 1:2 NH4+:NO3− medium regardless of L-glutamine supplementation levels. The optimal medium for P. maximinoi SE induction contained a 1:2 NH4+:NO3− molar ratio with 1.5 g/L L-glutamine. The synergy between the molar ratio of NH4+:NO3− and L-glutamine resulted in the highest numbers of extrusions. The overall inductive competence window for somatic embryogenic response in P. maximinoi was determined to be from the second week of July to the first week of August for both plantations. The “peak” period was in the fourth week of July 2022. The success of the SE technology in P. maximinoi seed families is determined by the optimal inductive competence window of the immature megagametophytes enclosing zygotic embryos and the chemical composition of the induction medium in terms of the ammonium to nitrate molar ratio and the concentration of the L-glutamine used.

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Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of Sapindus trifoliatus

Singh,

Asthana,

Rai

et al. 2024

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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The source, level, and balance of nitrogen during the somatic embryogenesis process drive cellular differentiation

Cited by 4 publications

References 159 publications

Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis, Regeneration and Acclimatization of Panax ginseng Meyer: True-to-Type Conformity of Plantlets as Confirmed by ISSR Analysis

Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis, Regeneration and Acclimatization of Panax ginseng Meyer: True-to-Type Conformity of Plantlets as Confirmed by ISSR Analysis

Synergistic effects of L-glutamine and inorganic nitrogen molar ratios enhance the induction of somatic embryogenesis of Pinus maximinoi H.E. Moore

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of Sapindus trifoliatus

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