The source of infection in Pemphigus neonatorum

Parker, M. T.; Kennedy, Jane A.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400014492

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our experience agrees with that of other workers (Allison & Hobbs, 1947;Cunliffe, 1949;Parker & Kennedy, 1949) that there is little or no evidence of transmission of nasal staphylococci from mother to infant in hospital. A mother may become infected with resistant strains independently in hospital but mothers swabbed in hospital C had a low incidence of resistant strains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Incidence and penicillin sensitivity ofStaphylococcus aureusin the nose in infants and their mothers

Ludlam¹

1953

J. Hyg.

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Although a good deal is known about the incidence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in infants in maternity hospitals, little is known of the incidence in infants born at home or in infants after the first few weeks of life. The work described here is an attempt to fill this gap, and at the same time to determine the relation of nasal carriage in the infant to carriage in the mother. In the latter part of the investigation the penicillin sensitivity of the strains isolated was also tested and phage-typing was used in an attempt to solve certain problems. METHODSClinical material. Nasal swabbing was carried out in five Child Welfare Clinics on 530 infants aged 2 weeks to 2 years, although only a small number (57) were swabbed in their second year. The mothers of 488 of these infants were also swabbed. The clinics were visited at irregular intervals and most of the infants and mothers present at the time of the visit were swabbed. In addition to noting the age of the infant a record was kept of whether it had been born in hospital or at home. The sample of the mother-infant population examined may be regarded as representative of those who were regular attenders at the clinics. Examination of random samples of clinic records showed that a high proportion of the mothers were attending with their first or second child. As was to be expected, a higher proportion of the mothers delivered in hospital were primiparae than of those delivered at home.At the end of the investigation nasal swabs were also cultured from nurses and infants in maternity hospitals C and F and from the mothers of the infants in hospital C. Swabs of the floor dust from the two nurseries in hospital F were also cultured for Staph. aureus. In the course of another investigation the Health Department ophthalmic nurse sent in eye and nose swabs from infants born at home and suffering from neonatal eye infections. Nasal swabs were also taken from the mothers. As the results already obtained in this investigation are relevant to the present work they have been included here. This group is referred to hereafter as the 'special home group'.Cultural technique. The anterior nares and adjacent vestibule of each side were swabbed, and the swab was inoculated on to culture media less than 2 hr. after sampling. At the beginning of the investigation, in 1948-9, swabs were at first cultured in parallel on digest agar and a tellurite agar (Ludlam, 1949). As there appeared to be no significant difference in the results obtained with these two media, the tellurite agar was then used alone; the medium was found more useful for picking out scanty Staph. aureus colonies among numerous colonies of other

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Incidence and penicillin sensitivity ofStaphylococcus aureusin the nose in infants and their mothers

Ludlam¹

1953

J. Hyg.

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“…The coagulase-positive staphylococcal carriage rates for mothers' nasal swabs of 28.7% (first day) and 30.7% (eighth ,day) obtained in this series compare with the rates of 21% given by Torrey and Reese (1945), 28% by Parker and Kennedy (1949), 42.6% by Rountree and Barbour (1950), -and 36% by Ludlam (1953). No significant increase 'occurred either in the carriage rate or the penicillinresistance rate of staphylococci isolated from the nose between the first and eighth days of the mothers' stay in 'hospital.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…The mean sulphonamide resistance percentage for all swabs was 16.8%, although in the case of hospital M babies the rate was as high as 38.3%. Duncan and Walker (1942), Allison and Hobbs (1947), Parker and Kennedy (1949), Barber et al (1949), and other authors, using serological and phage-typing methods, have shown that infection is usually conveyed in hospital maternity units from baby to baby, from staff to baby, or from blankets, dust, etc., to baby. This is bome out by the present investigation, since drug-resistance patterns showed a considerable degree of uniformity among staphylococci from babies and staff, but no such uniformity between babies and staff on the one hand and mothers on the other.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Staphylococci in the Environment of the Newborn Infant

Edmunds¹,

Elias-Jones²,

Forfar³

et al. 1955

BMJ

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Studies on Fertility, edited by R. H. Harrison, is a collection of selected papers read to the Society for the Study of Fertility in 1954, augmented by "papers of high standing" which had not been read. This volume replaces the Proceedings of the Society, which had increased in size so rapidly as to become unwieldy. The papers in this present volume do not cover the whole field of fertility, but represent up-to-date opinion-on such subjects as the " mechanotherapy of impotence" (i.e., splinting the penis), the management of pregnancy in previously infertile women, gynaecological coelioscopy, enzyme inhibitors in contraception, the aetiology of male subkertility, and testicular biopsy. studies on Fertility, which costs £1 ls., is published by Blackweltl Scientific Publications, 24-5, Broad Street, Oxford.

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“…Here it is immaterial which phages are used to distinguish between cultures from related sources. It has been most useful in some epidemiological investigations (Parker & Kennedy, 1949;Sompolinsky, Hermann, Oeding & Rippon, 1957). From this type of investigation, it became clear that strains of particular importance appeared, and it was desirable to gain information of their distribution within and between countries.…”

Section: Results Of Typing With Human Phagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage typing of Staphylococcus aureus from dairy cattle in Australia

Frost

1967

J. Hyg.

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Preliminary typing of 1820 strains of Staph. aureus from 51 herds with the human set of phages showed that non-typable strains were common (31·4%). Other phages were investigated and 1404 strains from 328 herds were typed with 42 phages; these included the human phage set, phages from Weybridge and phages isolated in Brisbane. The following 20 phages were selected as suitable for typing bovine strains of Staph. aureus in Australia: 29, 80, 13, 71, 6, 7, 42E, 47, 53, 77, 31B, 42D, 81, 101, 102, 107, 110, 600, 367, 425. Phages 13, 367, 425, 600 were from Brisbane and 101, 102, 107 and 110 were from Weybridge.

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The source of infection in Pemphigus neonatorum

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Incidence and penicillin sensitivity ofStaphylococcus aureusin the nose in infants and their mothers

Incidence and penicillin sensitivity ofStaphylococcus aureusin the nose in infants and their mothers

Pathogenic Staphylococci in the Environment of the Newborn Infant

Phage typing of Staphylococcus aureus from dairy cattle in Australia

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