“…Examples of leading global banks caught in acts of disrepute abound: Wells Fargo (opening fictitious accounts), HSBC (facilitating transactions for Saudi Arabian banks with ties to terrorist groups), Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo, Citigroup (the subprime debacle), Barclays, the Royal Bank of Scotland, and UBS (London Inter-Bank Offered Rate [LIBOR] rigging). On the local scene, some banks caught on the wrong side of banking norms and regulations were forced into liquidations, sell-offs, mergers, and others were deregistered (Havemann, 2021). The main ones include: Saambou Bank (poor management of unsecured lending), Regal Treasury Bank (improper accounting practices), African Bank (poor management leading to liquidity problems), and VBS Mutual Bank (poor management, fraud, improper accounting).…”