The South Orkney Islands Southern Shelf Marine Protected Area

Trathan, Philip N.; Grant, Susie M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102698-4.00004-6

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…4). This implies two things: Firstly, regions outside of MPAs could serve as an important reference area for differentiating the ecosystem impacts of fishing from climate change as well as for assessing the effectiveness of MPAs 26,29,30 . Secondly and more importantly, a reduction of fishing activities in a larger fraction of Antarctic coastal waters is advisable, given that ecosystems in high-latitude waters outside of the MPAs are not spared from severe OA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MPAs have been established at the South Orkney Islands SouthernShelf and in the Ross Sea region, with three additional MPAs proposed in the Weddell Sea, East Antarctic, and along the western Antarctic Peninsula (Fig. 1) 26,29,30 . If realized, this network of MPAs would protect ∼60% of Antarctic shelf waters (outside of ice-shelf cavities).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If realized, this network of MPAs would protect ∼60% of Antarctic shelf waters (outside of ice-shelf cavities). Key organisms in the high-latitude Southern Ocean ecosystem include primary producers such as diatoms and Phaeocystis 31,32 , mid-trophic level organisms such as Antarctic krill, foraminifera, pteropods, and smaller fish (e.g., Antarctic silverfish) 29,[33][34][35][36] , and upper-trophic level predators such as large fish (e.g., Antarctic toothfish), sea birds, seals, whales, and penguins 30,[37][38][39][40] . Additionally, the benthic ecosystem is highly diverse, including sponges, bivalves, and echinoderms (e.g., starfish and sea urchins; see Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Severe 21st-century ocean acidification demands continuance and expansion of Antarctic Marine Protected Areas

Lovenduski

Brooks

Hoppema

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Antarctic coastal waters are home to several established or proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) supporting exceptional biodiversity, which is threatened by anthropogenic climate change. Despite a particular sensitivity to ocean acidification (OA), little is known about the future carbonate chemistry of high-latitude Southern Ocean waters. Here, we use a high resolution ocean–sea ice–biogeochemistry model with realistic ice-shelf geometry to investigate 21st-century OA in Antarctic MPAs under four emission scenarios. By 2100, we project surface pH declines of up to 0.42 (total scale), corresponding to a 161% increase in hydrogen ion concentration relative to the 1990s. End-of-century aragonite undersaturation is ubiquitous across MPAs under the three highest emission scenarios. Vigorous vertical mixing of anthropogenic carbon on the continental shelves produces severe OA within the Weddell Sea, East Antarctic, and Ross Sea MPAs. Our findings call for continuity and expansion of Antarctic MPAs to reduce pressures on ecosystem integrity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Severe 21st-century ocean acidification demands continuance and expansion of Antarctic Marine Protected Areas

Lovenduski

Brooks

Hoppema

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Specifically, South Orkney West—the Small‐Scale Management Unit (SSMU) in CCAMLR Subarea 48.2 where we made our observation—is the global epicenter of krill fishing. Nearly 30% of all krill taken annually is harvested from this SSMU (Trathan & Grant, 2020). Under the present scenario of increasing whale densities (Zerbini et al, 2019) and krill fishing effort (CCAMLR Secretariat, 2021), whale–fishery interactions, including bycatch and direct competition for krill, are likely to increase unless action is taken.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial krill fishing within a foraging supergroup of fin whales in the Southern Ocean

Ryan¹,

Santangelo

Stephenson³

et al. 2023

Ecology

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“…CCAMLR has established two MPAs to date -one near the South Orkney Islands (∼94,000 km 2 ) and one of the world's largest in the Ross Sea (>1.55 million km 2 ). There are also multiple large MPAs in subantarctic island Exclusive Economic Zones (see Brooks et al, 2020), established partly to provide protection for top predators (see Trathan et al, 2014;Trathan and Grant, 2020). However, Hindell et al (2020) assessed the locations of predator hot spots in the Southern Ocean and examined how these are expected to change under climate scenarios.…”

Section: Projections Of Future Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate

et al. 2020

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The massive number of seabirds (penguins and procellariiformes) and marine mammals (cetaceans and pinnipeds) -referred to here as top predators -is one of the most iconic components of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. They play an important role as highly mobile consumers, structuring and connecting pelagic marine food webs and are widely studied relative to other taxa. Many birds and mammals establish dense breeding colonies or use haul-out sites, making them relatively easy to study. Cetaceans, however, spend their lives at sea and thus aspects of their life cycle are more complicated to monitor and study. Nevertheless, they all feed at sea and their reproductive success depends on the food availability in the marine environment, hence they are considered useful indicators of the state of the marine resources. In general, top predators have large body sizes that allow for instrumentation with miniature datarecording or transmitting devices to monitor their activities at sea. Development of scientific techniques to study reproduction and foraging of top predators has led to substantial scientific literature on their population trends, key biological parameters, migratory patterns, foraging and feeding ecology, and linkages with atmospheric or oceanographic dynamics, for a number of species and regions. We briefly summarize

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The South Orkney Islands Southern Shelf Marine Protected Area

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Severe 21st-century ocean acidification demands continuance and expansion of Antarctic Marine Protected Areas

Severe 21st-century ocean acidification demands continuance and expansion of Antarctic Marine Protected Areas

Commercial krill fishing within a foraging supergroup of fin whales in the Southern Ocean

Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate

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