The Spanish version of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 for children and adolescents (TFEQ-R21C): Psychometric analysis and relationships with body composition and fitness variables

Martín-García, María; Vila-Maldonado, Sara; Rodríguez-Gómez, Irene; Faya, F.M.; Carmona, María Plaza; Vicedo, Juan Carlos Pastor; Ara, Ignacio

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.015

Cited by 31 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Similarly, a study of Spanish youth demonstrated that overweight participants scored higher on external eating, which involves a decreased sensibility to internal signals of hunger and satiety, compared to normal weight children [23]. Other studies, in contrast, have found a negative relationship, with lower uncontrolled eating scores in youth with higher BMI [7]. In the current study, uncontrolled eating or emotional eating was also positively correlated with energy leftover at dinner.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Association between Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, Emotional Eating and BMI and the Amount of Food Wasted in Early Adolescent Girls

Banna¹,

Panizza²,

Boushey³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Understanding behavioral factors associated with obesity is of importance in addressing this issue. This study examined the association between cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and body mass index (BMI) and amount of food plated, consumed, leftovers, and leftover food thrown into the trash (food wasted) in early adolescent girls nine to 13 years in O’ahu, Hawai’i (n = 93). Food plated, consumed, leftovers, and food wasted were estimated using a three-day mobile food record (mFR). Weight and height were measured to compute BMI (kg/m2). The three-factor eating questionnaire provided a score from 0 to 100 for cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Higher scores are indicative of greater cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Pearson’s correlation and general linear models were computed to examine the relationship between three factor eating scores, BMI, and food plated, consumed, leftovers, and food wasted. There was no clinically significant association between cognitive restraint and amount of food wasted. Cognitive restraint was positively correlated with BMI (r=0.36, p<0.001) and with BMI z score (r=0.40, p<0.001). Uncontrolled eating and emotional eating were positively correlated with amount of leftover food at dinner (r=0.30, p=0.006; r=0.33, p=0.003, respectively). Emotional eating was positively associated with percentage of leftover food at dinner (r=0.24, p=0.30). Additional research should examine the specific roles of cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and food waste in the development of obesity in adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Association between Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, Emotional Eating and BMI and the Amount of Food Wasted in Early Adolescent Girls

Banna¹,

Panizza²,

Boushey³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Previous studies have reported associations between different disturbed eating behaviours and obesity or risk of obesity . We observed associations between overeating and rapid eating (uncontrolled eating) and the degree of obesity at enrolment, while meal skipping and emotional eating was not associated with the degree of obesity in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

“…Previous studies that have examined the three domains of disturbed eating behaviour: cognitive restraint, emotional eating and uncontrolled eating, have focused more on the association between disturbed eating behaviour and body weight than on absolute prevalence . The several studies that have reported the prevalence of disturbed eating behaviours in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity have often concentrated on the domain of uncontrolled eating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbed eating behaviours do not impact treatment response in a paediatric obesity chronic care treatment programme

Fogh

Lund

Mollerup

et al. 2019

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Aim: This study investigates the prevalence of disturbed eating behaviours in children and adolescents initiating obesity treatment, and how the prevalence varies with age, sex and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS). Secondly, it examines whether the presence of disturbed eating behaviours at enrolment is associated with the degree of weight loss after 12 months of treatment. Methods: A total of 3621 patients aged 3-18 years enrolled in a multidisciplinary obesity treatment programme were studied. Follow-up data after a median of 12.4 months were available for 2055 patients. Upon entry, patients were assessed for the following disturbed eating behaviours: meal skipping, emotional eating, overeating and rapid eating. Height and weight were measured at baseline and follow-up. Results: At enrolment, median age was 11.4 years, median BMI SDS was 2.87, and 82.2% of patients exhibited one or more disturbed eating behaviours. The prevalence of meal skipping, emotional eating and rapid eating increased with age (P < 0.01). Patients who reported overeating or rapid eating exhibited a 0.06-0.11 higher BMI SDS at enrolment than patients without these disturbed eating behaviours (P < 0.02). After 1 year of treatment, BMI SDS was reduced in 75.7% of patients, and the median reduction was 0.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.27). Overeating was associated with a higher degree of weight loss, while meal skipping, emotional eating and rapid eating did not associate with the degree of weight loss at follow-up. Conclusions: Disturbed eating behaviours were highly prevalent in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity, and varied with age and sex.After 1 year of treatment, the degree of obesity improved, regardless of the presence of disturbed eating behaviours at treatment initiation.What is already known on this topic 1 The prevalence of disturbed eating behaviours in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity varies from 12 to 56%. 2 The effects of obesity treatment in children and adolescents who exhibit disturbed eating behaviours are unclear. What this paper adds1 Upon enrolment into obesity treatment, children and adolescents who report overeating or rapid eating have a higher body mass index standard deviation score than children and adolescents without these eating behaviours. 2 The prevalence of meal skipping, emotional eating and rapid eating increases with age in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. 3 In this intervention programme, the degree of obesity improved in 75.7% of patients after 1 year of treatment. The presence of disturbed eating behaviours at treatment initiation did not reduce treatment effect.Childhood obesity is highly prevalent 1 and impairs physical and psychosocial health. 2-4 Disturbed eating behaviours have been associated with overweight or obesity 5,6 and with increased risk of future weight gain in children and adolescents. 7,8 Further, studies of obesity treatment effects in children and adolescents with disturbed eating behaviours have show...

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“…Snoek et al (9) and Martin-Garcia et al (19) . Evidence also supports a stronger association between adverse weight regulation and dietary restraint in girls compared to boys (22) .…”

Section: Ctfeqr17 and Anthropometric Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17)

Bryant

Torgerson

Chaput

et al. 2018

Public Health Nutr.

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4OBJECTIVE: Develop and validate a child and adolescent version of the Three Factor Eating 5 Questionnaire (CTFEQr17), and to assess its psychometric properties and factor structure. We 6 also examined associations between the CTFEQr17 and body mass index (BMI) and food 7 preferences. RESULTS: The CTFEQr17 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's =0.85) and the 18 three factor structure was retained: cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and 19 emotional eating (EE). Qualitative data demonstrated a high level of understanding of the 20 questionnaire (95%). A high CR was found to be significantly associated with a higher body 21 weight, BMI and BMI percentile. High UE and EE scores were related to a preference for high 22 fat savoury and high fat sweet foods. The relationships between CTFEQr17, anthropometry 23 and food preference were stronger in girls compared to boys. 24CONCLUSIONS: The CTFEQr17 is a psychometrically sound questionnaire for use in 25 children and adolescents, and is associated with anthropometric and food preference measures. INTRODUCTION 29The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has reached epidemic proportions 30 worldwide and is associated with many comorbidities (1)(2)(3) . Pediatric obesity is closely linked 31 to the so-called "obesogenic" environment where a myriad of factors are conducive to eating 32 too much and not moving enough, thereby promoting weight gain and ultimately overweight 33 and obesity (4, 5) . Among the many factors that explain the susceptibility to gain weight, a better 34 understanding of the link between eating behaviours and weight gain is of crucial importance 35to overcome the rising rates of obesity. 37Obesity interventions have to consider individuals' eating behaviours, especially those that 38 have been associated with obesity and weight gain (6, 7) . For example, dietary restriction can 39 promote overeating in dietary restrained adolescents having disinhibited eating behaviour (8) . 40Additionally, adolescents with high restrained eating behaviour scores are more likely to gain 41 weight over time (9) . Properly assessing eating behaviours of children and adolescents remains, 42 however, challenging. uncontrolled eating refers to eating in response to food palatability and the likelihood to over-53 consume, and emotional eating represents the process to eat in response to negative moods (13) . 55Despite a significant body of literature regarding the utility of the TFEQ in adults (13 -18) , the The objective of this study was to develop an adapted-version of the adult TFEQr21 to be used 65 among children and adolescents (CTFEQr17), and to assess its psychometric properties and 66 factor structure. We also examined the associations between the CTFEQr17 and body mass 67 index (BMI) and food preferences as a secondary objective. METHODS 71The process of developing and validating the CTFEQr17 was a two-phase process: the Anthropometric Measurements 127A subsample of children had their height and weight measu...

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The Spanish version of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21 for children and adolescents (TFEQ-R21C): Psychometric analysis and relationships with body composition and fitness variables

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

Association between Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, Emotional Eating and BMI and the Amount of Food Wasted in Early Adolescent Girls

Association between Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, Emotional Eating and BMI and the Amount of Food Wasted in Early Adolescent Girls

Disturbed eating behaviours do not impact treatment response in a paediatric obesity chronic care treatment programme

Development and validation of the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17)

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