The Spanish version of two olfactory scales: Reliability and validity

Burón, Emma; Bulbena, Antonio; Pailhez, Guillem; Cabré, Andrea Bulbena

doi:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2011.12.001

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Factor 3 was named “odor attention,” involving attention to environmental odors. The original OAS did not conduct EFA ( 9 ), and the Spanish version only extracted one factor, explaining 25.87% of the cumulative variance in EFA ( 18 ), which is relatively low. In comparison, our revised Chinese version extracted three factors during the EFA stage, explaining 43.774% of the cumulative variance, indicating better psychometric properties and more information extracted from the questionnaire than the Spanish version.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the present study, we investigated the psychometric properties of the OAS in the context of Chinese medical students, with the main objective of exploring the factor structure of the scale. Through factor analysis, we identified three distinct factors, deviating from the original version’s two factors ( 9 ) and the single dimension found in the Spanish version ( 18 ). Collectively, our findings confirm the Chinese adaptation of the OAS as possessing adequate reliability and validity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original OAS separately subjected two factors to CFA rather than analyzing the two factors together ( 9 ), and thus, whether the OAS is suitable for a one-dimensional or two-dimensional solution or other multi-dimensional solutions is unclear. And the Spanish version did not perform CFA ( 18 ). In contrast, Our revised Chinese version of OAS involved analyzing the entire three-factor scale obtained through EFA in CFA, which yielded satisfactory results and addressed other versions’ shortcomings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original scale was developed based on a sample of college students (23.1 ± 5.8 years) and has two factors (i.e., positive factor and negative factor). And then, a Spanish version of the OAS, based on a sample of adults (30.81 ± 7.27 years), has been revised ( 18 ). And exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using the principal axis factoring method, which extracted one dimension with a Cronbach’s α of 0.906, different from the two factors hypothesized by the original scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Odor Awareness Scale

Zhang

Tan

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundThe Odor Awareness Scale (OAS) is a questionnaire that assesses individual differences in awareness of odors in the surrounding environment, which has been shown to be associated with affective symptoms in recent researches. To further research, A Chinese version of the OAS needs to be introduced.ObjectiveTo investigate the factor structure and validate the psychometric properties of the OAS.MethodsA total of 978 participants from college were randomly allocated into two groups for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), respectively. Additionally, the study entailed item analysis and scrutinized internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity. Test-retest reliability was assessed by having 214 participants complete the OAS twice at a one-week interval. Concurrent validity was measured using the Body Odor Sniffing Questionnaire (BOSQ), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20).ResultsEFA identified three factors that best fit the data: odor sensitivity, odor impact, and odor attention. CFA validated a second-order factor model, yielding good fit indices: χ2/ Df = 2.326, RMSEA = 0.052, CFI = 0.911, TLI = 0.900, SRMR = 0.053. The final version of the OAS comprised 27 items and exhibited a commendable internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.913), and a good test-retest reliability, as evidenced by the high Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.940) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.940). The OAS was significantly correlated with BOSQ (r = 0.416), GAD-7 (r = 0.155), and TAS-20 (r = −0.081).ConclusionThe Chinese version of the OAS demonstrated robust reliability and validity, rendering it a valuable instrument for evaluating odor awareness in the Chinese population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Odor Awareness Scale

Zhang

Tan

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…One advantage of the OAS is the wide coverage of situations with odor, such as eating and drinking, civilization, nature and human. Another advantage is that the OAS has been translated into Italian and Spanish (28,37) .…”

Section: Affective (Valence) and Emotional Impact Of Odormentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of olfactory related questionnaires and scales

Han¹,

Su²,

Qin³

et al. 2020

Rhin

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PURPOSE: Although neglected by science for a long time, the sense of olfaction has received increasing attention from research areas including psychology, neuroscience, clinical medicine and nutrition. With the rise of psychophysical and neuroimaging re- search into olfaction, psychometric tools (e.g. questionnaires and scales) are the basis for the quantitative exploration of inter-in- dividual variability regarding olfactory related responses. The current systematic review is to summarize existing olfaction related questionnaires and/or scales. METHODS: Peer-reviewed literature on scales and questionnaires related to perception of odors were searched from online databa- ses (PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO). Twenty-one articles that meet the following criteria were included in the review: “hu- man species”, “no physical odor stimuli” and “describing the original development of the tool”, and “with specific focus on olfaction or odor related responses or behaviors”. The psychometric properties, advantages and possible disadvantages were discussed. RESULTS: Existing psychometric measures focus on various aspects of olfactory related responses and behaviors, including af- fective experiences of odor perception, awareness and attitude towards olfaction, olfactory function and the quality of life change due to olfactory dysfunction, and the ability to create vivid mental odor images. While most of them have been tested to have good reliability and validity, some were relatively time-consuming due to the number of questionnaire items. Besides, although many measures have been used in clinical populations, few have provided information on the predictive validity regarding effecti- veness of clinical intervention on changes of certain responses or behaviors. SUMMARY: The current review provides an overview of olfactory related questionnaires and scales, highlighting the emotional and affective impact of olfaction and the impact on quality of life due to olfactory dysfunction. With growing interest in olfaction as an important sense, the development and use of psychometrically sound measurements in conjunction with objective assess- ments will advance our understanding of human olfaction and olfactory dysfunction. The review provides a guide for researchers and clinicians alike to select olfactory scales suitable for olfactory research with different experimental purposes and specific samples.

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Brief Report: Odour Awareness in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Kumazaki

Okamoto

Yoshimura

et al. 2018

J Autism Dev Disord

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The elucidation of odour awareness in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is important. We compared the odour awareness of young children with ASD with those of typical development (TD) children using the Children's Olfactory Behavior in Everyday Life (COBEL) questionnaire, which is a self-report measure that mainly assesses odour awareness. Forty-five young boys (aged 5-6 years), including 20 children with ASD and 25 TD children, participated in this study. The total COBEL score of the young children with ASD was lower than that of the TD children (p < 0.01). Moreover, the total COBEL score was significantly correlated with the total VABS II score (p < 0.05). Our results improve understanding of the odour awareness in children with ASD.

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The Spanish version of two olfactory scales: Reliability and validity

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Odor Awareness Scale

Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Odor Awareness Scale

A systematic review of olfactory related questionnaires and scales

Brief Report: Odour Awareness in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

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