The spatial correlation of high-mass X-ray binaries and young star clusters in nearby star-forming galaxies

Binder, B.; Anderson, Ashley K; Garofali, Kristen; Lazzarini, Margaret; Williams, Benjamin F.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1368

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 89 publications

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“…However, these studies implicitly assume that the global average SFR and metallicity of galaxies adequately reflect the subkiloparsec scale environments in which HMXBs form. Due to their short lifetimes, HMXBs do not migrate more than a few hundred parsecs from their birthplaces (Bodaghee et al 2012;Binder et al 2023), and these temporal and spatial scales are shorter than those over which chemical mixing efficiently occurs in galaxies (Kreckel et al 2020). Local variations in stellar populations and the HMXBs associated with them thus become "smeared out" on galaxy-wide scales, and may complicate interpretations of the L X /SFR scaling relation (Kouroumpatzakis et al 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Panchromatic Study of the X-Ray Binary Population in NGC 300 on Subgalactic Scales

Binder,

Williams,

Payne

et al. 2024

ApJ

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The population-wide properties and demographics of extragalactic X-ray binaries (XRBs) correlate with the star formation rates (SFRs), stellar masses (M ⋆), and environmental factors (such as metallicity, Z) of their host galaxy. Although there is evidence that XRB scaling relations (L X/SFR for high-mass XRBs (HMXBs) and L X/M ⋆ for low-mass XRBs) may depend on metallicity and stellar age across large samples of XRB-hosting galaxies, disentangling the effects of metallicity and stellar age from stochastic effects, particularly on subgalactic scales, remains a challenge. We use archival X-ray through IR observations of the nearby galaxy NGC 300 to self-consistently model the broadband spectral energy distribution and examine radial trends in its XRB population. We measure a current (<100 Myr) SFR of 0.18 ± 0.08 M⊙ yr−1 and stellar mass M ⋆ = ( 2.15 − 0.14 + 0.26 ) × 10 9 M⊙. Although we measure a metallicity gradient and radially resolved star formation histories that are consistent with the literature, there is a clear excess in the number of X-ray sources below ∼1037 erg s−1 that are likely a mix of variable XRBs and additional background active galactic nuclei. When we compare the subgalactic L X/SFR ratios as a function of Z to the galaxy-integrated L X-SFR-Z relationships from the literature, we find that only the regions hosting the youngest (≲30 Myr) HMXBs agree with predictions, hinting at time evolution of the L X–SFR–Z relationship.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Panchromatic Study of the X-Ray Binary Population in NGC 300 on Subgalactic Scales

Binder,

Williams,

Payne

et al. 2024

ApJ

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Exploring the relationship between X-ray binaries and compact star clusters (I): NGC 4490 and NGC 4214

Akyuz,

Akkaya Oralhan,

Allak

et al. 2024

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We conducted a study to investigate the relationship between X-ray binaries (XRBs) and compact star clusters in the nearby star-forming galaxies NGC 4490 and NGC 4214. By analyzing archival data from Chandra, we identified a total of 32 XRBs with X-ray luminosities Lx > 1036 erg s−1 in both galaxies. Utilizing data from HST/WFC3/UVIS, we presented a new catalog of 715 compact star clusters in NGC 4490 and identified 312 such clusters in NGC 4214. In the case of NGC 4490, 14 of the 17 XRBs are associated with clusters, whereas in NGC 4214 all 15 XRBs are connected to clusters within a radius of < 200 pc. Furthermore, among the XRBs in NGC 4490, 12 out of the 17 have optical counterparts. Similarly, in NGC4214, 11 out of the 15 XRBs exhibit optical counterparts. We have evidence for a substantial population of HMXBs associated with clusters, accounting for ∼ 70% and 40% of the detected XRBs in NGC 4490 and NGC 4214, respectively. HMXBs are often found near young, less massive clusters, while LMXBs are associated with older, more massive clusters in these galaxies. IMXBs in NGC 4214, on the other hand, tend to be close to young clusters, suggesting that their formation mechanism is more similar to HMXBs than to LMXBs.

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An Empirical Framework Characterizing the Metallicity and Star-formation History Dependence of X-Ray Binary Population Formation and Emission in Galaxies

Lehmer,

Monson,

Eufrasio

et al. 2024

ApJ

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We present a new empirical framework modeling the metallicity and star formation history (SFH) dependence of X-ray luminous (L ≳ 1036 erg s−1) point-source population X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) in normal galaxies. We expect that the X-ray point-source populations are dominated by X-ray binaries (XRBs), with contributions from supernova remnants near the low luminosity end of our observations. Our framework is calibrated using the collective statistical power of 3731 X-ray detected point sources within 88 Chandra-observed galaxies at D ≲ 40 Mpc that span broad ranges of metallicity (Z ≈ 0.03–2 Z ⊙), SFH, and morphology (dwarf irregulars, late types, and early types). Our best-fitting models indicate that the XLF normalization per unit stellar mass declines by ≈2–3 dex from 10 Myr to 10 Gyr, with a slower age decline for low-metallicity populations. The shape of the XLF for luminous X-ray sources (L ≳ 1038 erg s−1) significantly steepens with increasing age and metallicity, while the lower-luminosity XLF appears to flatten with increasing age. Integration of our models provides predictions for X-ray scaling relations that agree very well with past results presented in the literature, including, e.g., the L X–SFR–Z relation for high-mass XRBs in young stellar populations as well as the L X/M ⋆ ratio observed in early-type galaxies that harbor old populations of low-mass XRBs. The model framework and data sets presented in this paper further provide unique benchmarks that can be used for calibrating binary population synthesis models.

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The spatial correlation of high-mass X-ray binaries and young star clusters in nearby star-forming galaxies

Cited by 3 publications

References 89 publications

A Panchromatic Study of the X-Ray Binary Population in NGC 300 on Subgalactic Scales

A Panchromatic Study of the X-Ray Binary Population in NGC 300 on Subgalactic Scales

Exploring the relationship between X-ray binaries and compact star clusters (I): NGC 4490 and NGC 4214

An Empirical Framework Characterizing the Metallicity and Star-formation History Dependence of X-Ray Binary Population Formation and Emission in Galaxies

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