The spatial distribution of earthquakes, focal mechanism solutions, and subducted lithosphere in the Philippine and Northeastern Indonesian Islands

Cardwell, Richard K.; Isaacks, B. L.; Karig, Daniel E.

doi:10.1029/gm023p0001

Cited by 199 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Based on the Wadati-Benioff zone, the slab is no longer than 250 km at the latitude of Mindanao Island and is shorter both north and south of there ). The subduction can be traced from offshore Mortal Island in the south to Luzon Island in the north (Cardwell et al 1980). The short length of the subducted slab as well arc volcanism ages support a Pliocene age for the start of PSP subduction offshore Mindano.…”

Section: The Slab Beneath the Philippine Arcmentioning

confidence: 76%

Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution, and consumption with special emphasis on the early stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction

Lallemand

2016

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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We compiled the most relevant data acquired throughout the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) from the early expeditions to the most recent. We also analyzed the various explanatory models in light of this updated dataset. The following main conclusions are discussed in this study.(1) The Izanagi slab detachment beneath the East Asia margin around 60-55 Ma likely triggered the Oki-Daito plume occurrence, Mesozoic proto-PSP splitting, shortening and then failure across the paleo-transform boundary between the proto-PSP and the Pacific Plate, Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction initiation and ultimately PSP inception. (2) The initial splitting phase of the composite proto-PSP under the plume influence at ∼54-48 Ma led to the formation of the long-lived West Philippine Basin and short-lived oceanic basins, part of whose crust has been ambiguously called "fore-arc basalts" (FABs). (3) Shortening across the paleo-transform boundary evolved into thrusting within the Pacific Plate at ∼52-50 Ma, allowing it to subduct beneath the newly formed PSP, which was composed of an alternance of thick Mesozoic terranes and thin oceanic lithosphere. (4) The first magmas rising from the shallow mantle corner, after being hydrated by the subducting Pacific crust beneath the young oceanic crust near the upper plate spreading centers at ∼49-48 Ma were boninites. Both the so-called FABs and the boninites formed at a significant distance from the incipient trench, not in a fore-arc position as previously claimed. The magmas erupted for 15 m.y. in some places, probably near the intersections between back-arc spreading centers and the arc. (5) As the Pacific crust reached greater depths and the oceanic basins cooled and thickened at ∼44-45 Ma, the composition of the lavas evolved into high-Mg andesites and then arc tholeiites and calc-alkaline andesites. (6) Tectonic erosion processes removed about 150-200 km of frontal margin during the Neogene, consuming most or all of the Pacific ophiolite initially accreted to the PSP. The result was exposure of the FABs, boninites, and early volcanics that are near the trench today. (7) Serpentinite mud volcanoes observed in the Mariana fore-arc may have formed above the remnants of the paleo-transform boundary between the proto-PSP and the Pacific Plate.

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Section: The Slab Beneath the Philippine Arcmentioning

confidence: 76%

Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution, and consumption with special emphasis on the early stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction

Lallemand

2016

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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“…We argue that the folding behavior below the Molucca Collision Zone may have been caused by the westward shift of the whole Molucca subduction system owing to the westward thrust of the Pacific plate combined with the large left-lateral movement of the Sorong fault running eastwest to the south of the Molucca Sea through the Bird's head of Papua. These combined forces may have also caused the offset between the Philippine Sea xxx Figure 4 Configuration of the Molucca Sea and Philippine Sea plates [modified from Cardwell et al (1980), and Widiyantoro and Van der Hilst (1997) based on the new tomographic images shown in Fig. 3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The active collision between Halmahera and Sangihe is unique and represents the only known example of two colliding arcs in the world. The arc-arc collision has caused the two opposing subduction directions of the Molucca Sea plate, also known as the reversed U-shape structure (Hamilton, 1979;Cardwell et al, 1980;and Hall, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Morphology of Subducted Lithosphere in the Mantle below the Molucca Collision Zone from Non-linear Seismic Tomography

Widiyantoro¹

2003

itbj.eng.sci.

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Abstract.Results of seismic studies presented in previous publications depict two opposing subducted oceanic lithospheric slabs under the Molucca region. This unique structure is related to the arc-arc collision between the Halmahera and Sangihe arcs. Recently, we have revisited the complex subduction zone structure by employing a non-linear tomographic imaging technique in which 3-D ray tracing has been implemented. We have used P-as well as S-wave arrival times from carefully reprocessed global data set. The results provide some improvements in the positioning of wave-speed anomalies. Consistent with earlier results, the new P-wave model depicts the two opposing subducted slabs of the Molucca Sea plate. The intriguing new observation is that the westward dipping slab appears to penetrate into the lower mantle by taking the form of folded slab. We envisage that the folding behavior may have been caused by the shift of the whole subduction system in the Molucca region toward the Eurasian continent due to the westward thrust of the Pacific plate combined with the large left-lateral movement of the Sorong fault. The inversion of traveltime residuals of direct S phases strongly confirms the new observation.

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“…Silver and Moore, 1978;Moore and Silver, 1983;, regional seismicity (Cardwell et al, 1980;McCaffrey, 1982), and land geology (e.g. Dow and Sukamto, 1984; Davies, 1987;Hall, 1987;Hall and Nichols, 1990).…”

Section: Present Tectonic Setting Of Eastern Indonesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and Australia: palaeomagnetic evidence from eastern Indonesia

Ali¹,

Hall

1995

Tectonophysics

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The spatial distribution of earthquakes, focal mechanism solutions, and subducted lithosphere in the Philippine and Northeastern Indonesian Islands

Cited by 199 publications

References 36 publications

Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution, and consumption with special emphasis on the early stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction

Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution, and consumption with special emphasis on the early stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction

Complex Morphology of Subducted Lithosphere in the Mantle below the Molucca Collision Zone from Non-linear Seismic Tomography

Evolution of the boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and Australia: palaeomagnetic evidence from eastern Indonesia

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