The spatial distribution of oesophageal carcinoma in the Transkei, South Africa

Rose, Elizabeth F.; Nd, McGlashan

doi:10.1038/bjc.1975.26

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…2 with raised crude rates for these 2 areas. These findings underline the high levels of oesophageal cancer known to obtain in the Transkei (Burrell, 1957;Rose, 1969) and the raised levels in the Natal African (Schonland and Bradshaw, 1968) and in the Johannesburg African (Robertson, Harington and Bradshaw, 1971b;Warwick and Harington, 1973). …”

Section: Spatial Analysismentioning

confidence: 63%

“…3 for these localities). This work among the absentee miners from the Transkei has been reinforced by a very similar incidence gradient found among both males and females, separately and together, for confirmed cases of oesophageal cancer in the general resident population of the Transkei itself (Rose and McGlashan, 1975 (von Zeynek, 1973;McGlashan, 1974). Further recording and statistical analyses should assist the search for local environmental factors injurious to the Xhosa speaking peoples, both north and south of the Kei River.…”

Section: Spatial Analysismentioning

confidence: 87%

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A spatial and temporal analysis of four cancers in African gold miners from Southern Africa

Harington¹,

Nd²,

Bradshaw³

et al. 1975

Br J Cancer

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Thus, these four cancers accounted for 75-1% of the total number of cases.Brief accounts of the spatial and temporal distribution of primary liver cancer and oesophageal cancer were given by Harington and McGlashan (1973a, b).In the present investigation, geographical definition of the patterns of distribution of the four major sites of cancer was sought in the belief that statistically significant gradients, together with changes in the cancer rates in the course of time, could provide a basis for future research programmes directed at aetological implications.METHOD OF SURVEY AND BASIC DATA (i) Areas of recruitment of the population at risk.-The health problems and environmental background of African workers in the South African gold mines were described by

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Section: Spatial Analysismentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Spatial Analysismentioning

confidence: 87%

A spatial and temporal analysis of four cancers in African gold miners from Southern Africa

Harington¹,

Nd²,

Bradshaw³

et al. 1975

Br J Cancer

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“…Areas in the Transkei that are only 150 km apart have esophageal cancer incidences that differ 2-to 3-fold (14,15). Cytologic analysis of esophageal scrapings from patients in these areas showed that cytologically abnormal esophageal mucosal cells were present in patients from the high-risk area (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumonisin b1 carcinogenicity in a two-year feeding study using F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Howard

Eppley

Stack

et al. 2001

Environ Health Perspect

131

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Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin isolated from Fusarium fungi that contaminate crops worldwide. A previous study demonstrated that FB1 promoted preneoplastic foci in initiated rats and induced hepatocellular carcinomas in BD IX rats at 50 parts per million (ppm), but fundamental dose-response data were not available to assist in setting regulatory guidelines for this mycotoxin. To provide this information, female and male F344/N/Nctr BR rats and B6C3F1 Nctr BR mice were fed for two years a powdered NIH-31 diet containing the following concentrations of FB1: female rats, 0, 5, 15, 50, and 100 ppm; male rats, 0, 5, 15, 50, and 150 ppm; female mice, 0, 5, 15, 50, and 80 ppm; male mice, 0, 5, 15, 80, and 150 ppm. FB1 was not tumorigenic in female F344 rats with doses as high as 100 ppm. Including FB1 in the diets of male rats induced renal tubule adenomas and carcinomas in 0/48, 0/40, 9/48, and 15/48 rats at 0, 5, 15, 50, and 150 ppm, respectively. Including up to 150 ppm FB1 in the diet of male mice did not affect tumor incidence. Hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas were induced by FB1 in the female mice, occurring in 5/47, 3/48, 1/48, 19/47, and 39/45 female mice that consumed diets containing 0, 5, 15, 50, and 80 ppm FB1, respectively. This study demonstrates that FB1 is a rodent carcinogen that induces renal tubule tumors in male F344 rats and hepatic tumors in female B6C3F1 mice.

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“…Colorectal cancer (ICD 9,(153)(154) This cancer is of low incidence generally even though there has been an increase in the pooled CIR from 0.9 in 1964 -79 to 2.3 in (Figure 3) follows the earlier mapping (Rose and McGlashan, 1975 1989 -96 (Po0.01). It is especially low in Transkei, with an ASIR of 49, and has risen in Mozambique (from CIR 0.6 to 2.9 (Po0.01) ( Table 5).…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Distribution Of Cancer Sitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Over the years, this site of cancer has been recognised as one of the major health problems of Transkei, both from studies of the gold miners and of men and women resident in the territory Cancer incidence in black gold miners in South Africa ND McGlashan et al (Rose and McGlashan, 1975). From its geographical distribution, it has been firmly associated with Xhosa customary usage of alcohol and homegrown and commercial tobacco, although there seems little doubt that the use of pipe tobacco in various forms is the principal determinant (Bradshaw et al, 1983).…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Distribution Of Cancer Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the geographical and temporal patterns of cancer incidence among black gold miners working in South Africa, 1964–1996

Harington

Chelkowska

2003

Br J Cancer

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We describe here the results of the final 8 years of geographical and temporal data of a 33-year study of the cancer experience of 12.8 million man-years of black miners working on the gold fields of South Africa over the period 1964 -96. These workers were recruited from 15 territories, the major areas during the most recent period being Lesotho (26.8%), Transkei (21.5%) and Mozambique (15%). The earliest analyses, 1964 -71 and 1972 -79, showed hepatocellular and oesophageal cancers to be the most frequent cancers. The final analysis, for 1989 -96, however, shows marked temporal changes in the relative position of four cancers or grouped malignancies: respiratory cancer up by 236%, hepatocellular carcinoma down to 32%, oesophageal holding steady, and lymphatic system cancers up by 420%, almost certainly because of association with HIV/AIDS infection. Significant geographical variations occurring between the home areas of the miners are important, as mining operations have little to do with the cancers that develop. The causes are essentially socio-environmental rather than occupational, and this means that the rates of the major cancers in the miners are surrogate measures of the same cancers in the home areas.

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The spatial distribution of oesophageal carcinoma in the Transkei, South Africa

Abstract: Summary.-Data on the incidence of cancer of the oesophagus in the Transkei for years 1965-69 are presented, age specific rates for the sexes discussed and the spatial relationship of well-defined regions of high and low incidence demonstrated.

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

A spatial and temporal analysis of four cancers in African gold miners from Southern Africa

A spatial and temporal analysis of four cancers in African gold miners from Southern Africa

Fumonisin b1 carcinogenicity in a two-year feeding study using F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Changes in the geographical and temporal patterns of cancer incidence among black gold miners working in South Africa, 1964–1996

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