The Spatiotemporal Distribution of PM2.5 and its Relationship to Land-Use Patterns and Special to Land-Use and People in Hangzhou

Abstract

SIFT DESK namics) [1]. The high exposure of babies to PM 10 turned out to be one of the primary causes of decreased head and body size [2], and the long-term exposure to high concentrations of PM 2.5 was associated with serious health complications including stroke, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer (LC), and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) [3-10]. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) pollution ranked sixth among all risk factors for global premature mortalities and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) [11, 12]. Song, et al. [13] used the national air quality monitoring stations in 367 cities in China between the years 2014 and 2016, which resulted in the population's attributable mortality rate (10-5 y-1) showing 112.0 in the current year analysis, and 124.3 in a 10year time lag analysis. Considering the lag health effects of long-term PM 2.5 exposure [13, 14], the health risks of infants and juveniles who live long-term amidst a severely polluted environment would increase drastically; we, as a people, must take responsibility for paying more attention to these potential health risks and improving their overall living environment.

The effects of CO2 and NH3/NOx emission from private vehicles to commute school on smog in Beijing and solutions

“…If such carpooling practice is gaining more and more popularity in Beijing, carbon and nitrogen emission from school commuting should be significantly reduced. Under this situation, it is important to let everyone know their own significance in decreasing smog and make their own contribution to environmental protection [18]. With everyone motivated to carpool, there will be more than 10% decrease of CO 2 and NH 3 / NO X emission in Beijing, and this will save a large sum of money on fiscal expenditure to regulate pollution.…”