The special case of acrylonitrile (CH₂=CH–C≡N)

Protective efficacy of various carbonyl compounds and their metabolites, and nutrients against acute toxicity of some cyanogens in rats: biochemical and physiological studies

“…Due to large variations in the time of cyanide generation and onset of toxic symptoms, suitable therapeutic measures have not evolved for the treatment of cyanogen poisoning. In most of the cases, only cyanide antidotes have been recommended (Hall et al , 2007 ; Patnaik, 2007 ; Abraham et al , 2015 ; Borron, 2015 ; Mirkin, 2015 ). One of our recent studies has demonstrated the acute oral toxicity of six different cyanogens like aliphatic nitriles (ATCN, ACN, PCN, SCN, and MCN) and inorganic compound (SNP), and their response to A-KG treatment (Bhattacharya et al , 2009 ).…”

“…In one report, successful treatment of life-threatening PCN exposure was achieved with SN/STS followed by hyperbaric oxygen (Scolnick et al , 1993 ). Due to prolonged and sustained metabolism of nitriles to cyanide, multiple doses or continuous infusion of the antidotes are necessary (Borron, 2015 ; Mirkin, 2015 ). Antioxidants like N -acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) also confer protection against experimental or accidental ACN poisoning (Mirkin, 2015 ).…”

“…Due to prolonged and sustained metabolism of nitriles to cyanide, multiple doses or continuous infusion of the antidotes are necessary (Borron, 2015 ; Mirkin, 2015 ). Antioxidants like N -acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) also confer protection against experimental or accidental ACN poisoning (Mirkin, 2015 ). In addition to SN, STS and hydroxocobalamine, protective efficacy of 4-dimethylaminophenol (4-DMAP), dicobalt-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (dicobalt-EDTA) and alpha-ketoglutarate (A-KG) has been reported against experimental nitrile poisoning (Bhattacharya et al , 2009 ; Borron, 2015 ).…”