2021
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031315
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The Special Developmental Biology of Craniofacial Tissues Enables the Understanding of Oral and Maxillofacial Physiology and Diseases

Abstract: Maxillofacial hard tissues have several differences compared to bones of other localizations of the human body. These could be due to the different embryological development of the jaw bones compared to the extracranial skeleton. In particular, the immigration of neuroectodermally differentiated cells of the cranial neural crest (CNC) plays an important role. These cells differ from the mesenchymal structures of the extracranial skeleton. In the ontogenesis of the jaw bones, the development via the intermediat… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications
(1 citation statement)
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“…The first pharyngeal arch (PA) cells, which are Hox − , form most of the facial bones in an intramembranous manner. The second PA cells, which are Hox + , form the hyoid, styloid, and stapes bones in an endochondral manner (Weber et al, 2021). Inactivation of Hox genes in the second PA results in intramembranous ossification, while their overexpression in the first PA results in second PA-like elements (Bonaventure, 2001;Kitazawa et al, 2022).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The first pharyngeal arch (PA) cells, which are Hox − , form most of the facial bones in an intramembranous manner. The second PA cells, which are Hox + , form the hyoid, styloid, and stapes bones in an endochondral manner (Weber et al, 2021). Inactivation of Hox genes in the second PA results in intramembranous ossification, while their overexpression in the first PA results in second PA-like elements (Bonaventure, 2001;Kitazawa et al, 2022).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%