The speciation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from motorcycle engine exhaust at different driving modes

Tsai, Jason Sheng Hong; Chiang, Hung‐Lung; Hsu, Yi Chun; Weng, Hui-Ching; Yang, Chang Yu

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00177-8

Cited by 75 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…gasoline fueled and diesel fueled engines) 7492 K. F. Ho et al: Vehicular emission of VOCs from a tunnel study in Hong Kong and engine operating conditions (e.g. cruising, idling, and transient modes) (Kaiser et al, 1992;Heeb et al, 1999Heeb et al, , 2000Tsai et al, 2003). With the chassis dynamometer tests, operating conditions and fuel compositions can be adjusted and controlled, thus it has ability to examine vehicular emissions under different driving or loading settings and to effectively evaluate exhaust control technologies (Ning et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicular emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a tunnel study in Hong Kong

Lee

et al. 2009

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

147

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Abstract. Vehicle emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined at the Shing Mun Tunnel, Hong Kong in summer and winter of 2003. One hundred and ten VOCs were quantified in this study. The average concentration of the total measured VOCs at the inlet and outlet of the tunnel were 81 250 pptv and 117 850 pptv, respectively. Among the 110 compounds, ethene, ethyne and toluene were the most abundant species in the tunnel. The total measured VOC emission factors ranged from 67 mg veh −1 km −1 to 148 mg veh −1 km −1 , with an average of 115 mg veh −1 km −1 . The five most abundant VOCs observed in the tunnel were, in decreasing order, ethene, toluene, n-butane, propane and i-pentane. These five most abundant species contributed over 38% of the total measured VOCs emitted. The high propane and n-butane emissions were found to be associated with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-fueled taxis. Fair correlations were observed between marker species (ethene, i-pentane, n-nonane, and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes -BTEX) with fractions of gasoline-fueled or diesel-fueled vehicles. Moreover, ethene, ethyne, and propene are the key species that were abundant in the tunnel but not in gasoline vapors or LPG. The ozone formation potential from the VOCs in Hong Kong was evaluated by the maximum increment reactivity (MIR). It was found to be 568 mg of ozone Correspondence to: S. C. Lee (ceslee@polyu.edu.hk) per vehicle per kilometer traveled. Among them, ethene, propene and toluene contribute most to the ozone-formation reactivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicular emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a tunnel study in Hong Kong

Lee

et al. 2009

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

147

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“…Finally, we use the mean values of the photoionization crosssections to scale each peak in the mass spectrum of Figure 5a and to provide an approximate concentration of each individual component in Figure 5b. Despite the large uncertainties, the general agreement with the VOC speciation data from motorcycle exhaust is quite good [13]. The inset in Figure 5b shows a chart of the mean composition of the moped exhaust.…”

Section: Semiquantitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 54%

“…As their emission standards are less stringent than those of passenger cars and due to their large use in urban areas, emissions of two-wheelers have become increasingly relevant [10 -12]. The concentrations of VOCs in the exhaust are usually measured with traditional gas chromatographic methods [13]. Different analysis methods for monitoring the exhaust composition have proposed the use of TOF mass spectrometry with VUV single photon ionization at a fixed wavelength produced with coherent [14] or incoherent sources [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable single-photon ionization TOF mass spectrometry using laser-produced plasma as the table-top VUV light source

Palma

Prati

Borghese

2009

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Here we report on a laser plasma-based tunable VUV photoionization time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer conceived mainly to study complex gaseous mixtures. Ionizing photons at tunable vacuum UV (VUV) wavelengths are generated by a gas-target laser-produced plasma, spectrally dispersed in the range 100 -160 nm and efficiently focused onto a sample molecular beam. As a test case, we studied the exhaust gas of a four-stroke moped, a typical example of a complex gaseous mixture. Due to the VUV "soft" ionization, the mass spectra are less congested and more easily interpretable. Substituted benzene derivatives are found to give the most intense signals. Several aliphatic hydrocarbons are also detected. The use of tunable VUV radiation allowed the investigation of the contribution of isomers in the mass spectrum from the onset and shape of the photoionization efficiency spectra. Semiquantitative analysis was performed using known literature data detailing the photoionization cross sections. Our findings suggest that using combined data on the mass/photoionization efficiency spectra may be very helpful for a comprehensive analysis of complex gaseous mixtures. (J Am Soc

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“…According to the results of previous studies [1,33,[45][46][47][48], acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene) were selected as target toxic emissions from the exhaust gas. Because of the limitations in resolving the peaks in chromatography, the concentrations of m-xylene and p-xylene are shown as a total amount.…”

Section: Unregulated Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends

Ning

Lee

et al. 2018

Energies

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An experimental investigation was conducted on the effect of equivalence ratios and engine loads on performance and emission characteristics using acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) and gasoline blends. Gasoline blends with various ABE content (0 vol % to 80 vol % ABE, referred to as G100, ABE10, ABE20, ABE30, ABE60, and ABE80, respectively) were used as test fuels, where the volumetric concentration of A/B/E was 3:6:1. The experiments were conducted at engine loads of 3, 4, 5, and 6 bar brake mean effective pressure at an engine speed of 1200 rpm and under various equivalence ratios (ϕ = 0.83-1.25). The results showed that ABE addition in the fuel blends could increase brake thermal efficiency and decrease unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon dioxide (CO), and oxynitride (NO x ). As for unregulated emissions, acetaldehyde and 1,3-budatiene emissions increased with the increased ABE content in blend fuels. Regarding the aromatic emissions, ABE addition led to a decrease in benzene, toluene, and xylene emissions. The study indicated that ABE could be used as a promising alternative fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines for enhancing the brake thermal efficiency and reducing regulated emissions and aromatic air toxics.

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The speciation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from motorcycle engine exhaust at different driving modes

Cited by 75 publications

References 13 publications

Vehicular emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a tunnel study in Hong Kong

Vehicular emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a tunnel study in Hong Kong

Tunable single-photon ionization TOF mass spectrometry using laser-produced plasma as the table-top VUV light source

Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends

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