The Species Diversity and Structure of The Limited Production Forest in Arui Watershed of Manokwari District of West Papua, Indonesia

Abstract

The detailed causal factors of flood have not been established, whether because of the damage of upper watershed, sedimentation resulting in shallow river, forest conversion, the decrease in abundance and structure or high rainfall. The study aimed at finding out the species diversity and structure of the limited production forest (LPF) from the seedling to the tree stage of Arui watershed in Manokwari district. The species diversity was determined based on Shannon-Wiener index, while vegetation structure was determined based on Importance Value Index. There were totally 92 plots of samples drawn using systematic sampling. The results of vegetation analysis showed that there were 174 species of 43 families with the species diversity of 1.5-1.8 that was categorized as moderate. The four dominant species that were always found in seedling, sapling, pole and tree stages included: Pometia pinnata, Teijsmanniodendron bogoriense, Chisocheton ceramicus, and Horsfieldia irya. The conversion of the LPF into non-forestry sector for the purpose of accelerating development must be reviewed by considering hydrology, land, biodiversity, and social and regional aspects in order to prevent and to reduce flood in the coming days.

Plant Diversity and Composition of Three Different Altitudes in Sikka Forest Area - East Nusa Tenggara

“…In this altitude, the diversity index of trees was very low because of the dominance of E. urophylla. Tree diversity index in the Egon Ilimedo protection forest at 500-700 m asl was higher than the one reported in Manokwari District with diversity index of 1.65, 1.78, and 1.55 for trees, sapling and groundcover respectively (Mahmud et al, 2019).…”

Biophysical characteristics of Wosi Watershed area in Manokwari Regency, Indonesia

“…The increasing rainfall is not always accompanied by an increase in water discharge if there is low rainfall intensity, even distribution of rain, and good canopy cover. More crowns and a wider distribution will reduce the canopy runoff and the flow of stems to reach the soil surface (Mahmud et al 2019a). When it reaches the ground surface, the water will seep, and if it is saturated, it will become surface runoff.…”

“…Recently, there have been massive land use changes in Manokwari Regency for human settlement, local and central government official administration, village development programs, national infrastructure program of a seaport, airport, and roads, industrial expansion, Mahmud et al (21019a). Forest cover areas conversion into palm oil plantations (Mahmud et al 2019a), Maruni's forest kart-cover area into cement industries (Mahmud et al 2020), and Wosi protected forest area into a settlement, and commercial sectors (Mahmud et al 2021b) have been influenced the hydrological system of Manokwari City and regency. These land use changes supported by the biogeographical characteristic recorded from this research are supposed to generate the occurrence of flooding in Manokwari Regency and town.…”

A study conversion to be mining cement in Maruni protected forest Manokwari Regency

“…Masyarakat pemilik hak ulayat HLM umumnya bekerjasama dengan pengusaha kayu dengan pembagian hasil kayu yang disepakati bersama. Penurunan jumlah tegakan bila dibiarkan dalam waktu yang cukup lama akan sampai pada keseimbangan dinamis hutan (Mahmud et al, 2019). Penelitian Budirianto et al (2015), di lokasi yang sama menyebutkan bahwa di lapangan minimal ada 3 kelompok penebang kayu yang rata-rata kayu olahan yang diperoleh 1 m 3 /hari.…”