The Specificity of Helicoverpa armigera Stunt Virus Infectivity

Bawden, Alison L; Gordon, Karl; Hanzlik, Terry N.

doi:10.1006/jipa.1999.4858

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The members of the family Tetraviridae have an unusually narrow host range often restricted to only one or a few closely related lepidopteran species (Moore et al, 1985;Gordon & Hanzlik, 1998;Christian et al, 2001;Pringle et al, 2003). Tetraviruses replicate in the midgut tissues of their hosts (Moore et al, 1985;Bawden et al, 1999;Brooks et al, 2002) and sloughing of infected cells results in the stunting of infected larvae (Moore, 1991;Christian et al, 2001;Brooks et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, little is known about the biology of this family because of their narrow host range and the lack of tissue culture cell lines that support tetravirus replication (Moore, 1991;Bawden et al, 1999). Providence virus (PrV), which was isolated from a persistently infected Helicoverpa zea midgut cell line (MG8), is the only tetravirus known to replicate in cell culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome organization and translation products of Providence virus: insight into a unique tetravirus

Walter

Pringle

Nakayinga

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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Providence virus (PrV) is a member of the family Tetraviridae, a family of small, positive-sense, ssRNA viruses that exclusively infect lepidopteran insects. PrV is the only known tetravirus that replicates in tissue culture. We have analysed the genome and characterized the viral translation products, showing that PrV has a monopartite genome encoding three ORFs: (i) p130, unique to PrV and of unknown function; (ii) p104, which contains a read-through stop signal, producing an N-terminal product of 40 kDa (p40) and (iii) the capsid protein precursor (p81). There are three 2A-like processing sequences: one at the N terminus of p130 (PrV-2A 1 ) and two more (PrV-2A 2 and PrV-2A 3 ) at the N terminus of p81. Metabolic radiolabelling identified viral translation products corresponding to all three ORFs in persistently infected cells and showed that the readthrough stop in p104 and PrV-2A 3 in p81 are functional in vivo and these results were confirmed by in vitro translation experiments. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain of the PrV replicase is phylogenetically most closely related to members of the families Tombusviridae and Umbraviridae rather than to members of the family Tetraviridae. The unique genome organization, translational control systems and phylogenetic relationship with the replicases of (+ve) plant viruses lead us to propose that PrV represents a novel family of small insect RNA viruses, distinct from current members of the family Tetraviridae.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome organization and translation products of Providence virus: insight into a unique tetravirus

Walter

Pringle

Nakayinga

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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“…The very pathological properties of HaSV that make it worthwhile as a control agent, i.e., selective and rapid virulence to a single key organ of larvae in their early developmental stages, ensures that total HaSV productivity is poor from a given infection. Although not assessed thoroughly, these factors may prevent it from being produced by schemes involving host insects and production in cell culture is not possible (Bawden et al 1999). A new approach, however, is made possible by biotechnology and termed "nonhost production" .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…First isolated from a laboratory-reared population of H. armigera in Canberra, Australia (Hanzlik et al 1993), the virus has been detected in Þeld populations of H. armigera in Queensland, Australia, and in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) populations in three states of the southern United States (unpublished data). It seems selective for the heliothine genera of moths (Christian et al 2001), but it is unable to be cultured in a wide range of insect cell lines derived from either heliothines or other related insects (Bawden et al 1999). Its selective nature is further seen during infection where only the midguts of the host insects are affected and that consequently lose function (Brooks et al 2002).…”

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confidence: 98%

Effective Control of a Field Population of Helicoverpa armigera by Using the Small RNA Virus Helicoverpa armigera Stunt Virus (Tetraviridae: Omegatetravirus)

Christian¹,

Murray²,

Powell³

et al. 2005

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The first comprehensive field trial using an insect small RNA virus as a control agent on a cropping system was conducted with the Helicoverpa armigera stunt virus (family Tetraviridae, genus Omegatetravirus, HaSV). The virus was semipurified, quantified, and applied at two rates, 4 x 10(15) and 4 x 10(14) virus particles/ha, with minimal formulation on sorghum against the bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). For comparison, a commercial preparation of Helicoverpa zea single-nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV, Gemstar) was applied at the same time at 9.27 x 10(11) polyhedral inclusion bodies/ha. The HaSV application rates were determined by a novel procedure using laboratory LC50 bioassay data for HaSV and HzSNPV and calibration to the known field application rate of the HzSNPV. The baculovirus and the higher rate of HaSV produced statistically equivalent reductions in the larval populations of around 50% at both 3 and 6 d postapplication (dpa) compared with untreated plots. The 10-fold lower rate of HaSV reduced the larval population by 50% at 3 dpa and approximately 30% at 6 dpa. Persistence of HaSV over a 72-h period was found to be similar to that of HzSNPV, although the amount of HaSV available on the sorghum heads increased at 130 h postapplication, due most likely to dispersal of newly produced virus from cadavers and frass. The results from this trial indicate that HaSV could be used as an effective biopesticide for the control of H. armigera in sorghum and the ramifications for its broader use are discussed.

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“…Our data suggest that NV enters susceptible cells not through acidic vesicles of the endocytic pathway but directly through the plasma membrane. Little is known about the life cycle of NV, but Helicoverpa armigera stunt virus, a closely related tetravirus, is known to proliferate exclusively in mid-gut cells of lepidopteran larvae (3). The pH within the mid-gut of lepidopteran larvae is usually alkaline (11), enabling the pH-dependent membrane-lytic activity observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting Quasi-Equivalence in Nonenveloped Viruses: Membrane Disruption Is Promoted by Lytic Peptides Released from Subunit Pentamers, Not Hexamers

Domitrovic

Matsui

Johnson

2012

J Virol

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Nonenveloped viruses often invade membranes by exposing hydrophobic or amphipathic peptides generated by a proteolytic maturation step that leaves a lytic peptide noncovalently associated with the viral capsid. Since multiple copies of the same protein form many nonenveloped virus capsids, it is unclear if lytic peptides derived from subunits occupying different positions in a quasi-equivalent icosahedral capsid play different roles in host infection. We addressed this question withNudaurelia capensis omega virus(NωV), an insect RNA virus with an icosahedral capsid formed by protein α, which undergoes autocleavage during maturation, producing the lytic γ peptide. NωV is a unique model because autocatalysis can be precisely initiatedin vitroand is sufficiently slow to correlate lytic activity with γ peptide production. Using liposome-based assays, we observed that autocatalysis is essential for the potent membrane disruption caused by NωV. We observed that lytic activity is acquired rapidly during the maturation program, reaching 100% activity with less than 50% of the subunits cleaved. Previous time-resolved structural studies of partially mature NωV particles showed that, during this time frame, γ peptides derived from the pentamer subunits are produced and are organized in a vertical helical bundle that is projected toward the particle surface, while identical polypeptides in quasi-equivalent subunits are produced later or are in positions inappropriate for release. Our functional data provide experimental support for the hypothesis that pentamers containing a central helical bundle, observed in different nonenveloped virus families, are a specialized lytic motif.

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The Specificity of Helicoverpa armigera Stunt Virus Infectivity

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Genome organization and translation products of Providence virus: insight into a unique tetravirus

Genome organization and translation products of Providence virus: insight into a unique tetravirus

Effective Control of a Field Population of <I>Helicoverpa armigera</I> by Using the Small RNA Virus <I>Helicoverpa armigera</I> Stunt Virus (<I>Tetraviridae</I>: <I>Omegatetravirus</I>)

Dissecting Quasi-Equivalence in Nonenveloped Viruses: Membrane Disruption Is Promoted by Lytic Peptides Released from Subunit Pentamers, Not Hexamers

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