The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN): an instrument to investigate ice nucleation

Garimella, Sarvesh; Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring; Ignatius, Karoliina; Welti, André; Voigtländer, Jens; Kulkarni, Gourihar; Sagan, Frank; Kok, Gregory L.; Dorsey, J. R.; Nichman, Leonid; Rothenberg, Daniel; Rösch, Michael; Kirchgäßner, Amélie Catharina Ruth; Ladkin, R.; Wex, Heike; Wilson, T. W.; Ladino, Luis A.; Abbatt, Jonathan P. D.; Stetzer, O.; Lohmann, Ulrike; Stratmann, Frank; Cziczo, D. J.

doi:10.5194/amt-9-2781-2016

Cited by 70 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

144

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Temperature uncertainties give the highest and lowest deviations from the average lamina temperature to the calculated temperature between 15 opposite pairs of temperature measurements along the walls of SPIN. Experimental uncertainties are typically within ±1 K for temperature and ±5 % for supersaturation as reported for homogeneous freezing experiments by Garimella et al (2016).…”

Section: Spinmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The maximum AF in PINC and SPIN did not exceed AF = 0.6, even at RH w > 105 % at which droplet breakthrough biases the results. An AF of approximately 0.6 was also the highest value reported for SPIN measurements in homogeneous freezing experiments, even well above water saturation and below 233 K in Garimella et al (2016). Chamber characterization Figure 9.…”

Section: Apparent Differences Between Immersion and Condensation Freementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the first commercially available ice nucleation chamber (Droplet Measurement Technologies, Inc.) and was recently described by Garimella et al (2016). Particle residence time in the ice nucleation section is 9-12 s depending on the T and RH set points of the experiment.…”

Section: Spinmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber Comparison (LINC): intercomparison of four online ice nucleation counters

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Ice crystal formation in atmospheric clouds has a strong effect on precipitation, cloud lifetime, cloud radiative properties, and thus the global energy budget. Primary ice formation above 235 K is initiated by nucleation on seed aerosol particles called ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Instruments that measure the ice-nucleating potential of aerosol particles in the atmosphere need to be able to accurately quantify ambient INP concentrations. In the last decade several instruments have been developed to investigate the icenucleating properties of aerosol particles and to measure ambient INP concentrations. Therefore, there is a need for intercomparisons to ensure instrument differences are not interpreted as scientific findings.In this study, we intercompare the results from parallel measurements using four online ice nucleation chambers. Seven different aerosol types are tested including untreated and acid-treated mineral dusts (microcline, which is a K-feldspar, and kaolinite), as well as birch pollen washing waters. Experiments exploring heterogeneous ice nucleation above and below water saturation are performed to cover the whole range of atmospherically relevant thermodynamic conditions that can be investigated with the intercompared chambers. The Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS) and the Portable Immersion Mode Cooling chAmber coupled to the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PIMCA-PINC) performed measurements in the immersion freezing mode. Additionally, two continuous-flow diffusion chambers (CFDCs) PINC and the Spectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) are used to perform measurements below and just above water saturation, nominally presenting deposition nucleation and condensation freezing.The results of LACIS and PIMCA-PINC agree well over the whole range of measured frozen fractions (FFs) and temperature. In general PINC and SPIN compare well and the observed differences are explained by the ice crystal growth and different residence times in the chamber. To study the mechanisms responsible for the ice nucleation in the four instruments, the FF (from LACIS and PIMCA-PINC) and the activated fraction, AF (from PINC and SPIN), are compared. Measured FFs are on the order of a factor of 3 higher than AFs, but are not consistent for all aerosol types and temperatures investigated. It is shown that measurements from CFDCs cannot be assumed to produce the same results as those instruments exclusively measuring immersion freezing. Instead, the need to apply a scaling factor to CFDCs operating above water saturation has to be considered to allow comparison with immersion freezing devices. Our results provide further awareness of factors such as the importance of dispersion methods and the quality of particle size selection for intercomparing online INP counters.

show abstract

Section: Spinmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Apparent Differences Between Immersion and Condensation Freementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber Comparison (LINC): intercomparison of four online ice nucleation counters

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A sufficiently large temperature gradient between the walls can cause lamina conditions to not only exceed ice but also liquid water saturation (Rogers, 1988;Stetzer et al, 2008;Garimella et al, 2016). Droplet formation is important since many CFDCs measure only the size of objects exiting the chamber with an optical particle counter (OPC; Rogers, 1988;DeMott et al, 2015).…”

Section: Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CFDC instruments are able to determine INP concentrations by drawing in aerosol particles and controlling the temperature and relative humidity to which they are exposed (Rogers, 1988;Stetzer et al, 2008;Garimella et al, 2016). Although there are instrument-to-instrument differences in geometry and flows, typically particles are drawn through an inlet and contained between two sheath flows (Fig.…”

Section: Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainty in counting ice nucleating particles with continuous flow diffusion chambers

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This study investigates the measurement of ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations and sizing of crystals using continuous flow diffusion chambers (CFDCs). CFDCs have been deployed for decades to measure the formation of INPs under controlled humidity and temperature conditions in laboratory studies and by ambient aerosol populations. These measurements have, in turn, been used to construct parameterizations for use in models by relating the formation of ice crystals to state variables such as temperature and humidity as well as aerosol particle properties such as composition and number. We show here that assumptions of ideal instrument behavior are not supported by measurements made with a commercially available CFDC, the SPectrometer for Ice Nucleation (SPIN), and the instrument on which it is based, the Zurich Ice Nucleation Chamber (ZINC). Non-ideal instrument behavior, which is likely inherent to varying degrees in all CFDCs, is caused by exposure of particles to different humidities and/or temperatures than predicated from instrument theory of operation. This can result in a systematic, and variable, underestimation of reported INP concentrations. We find here variable correction factors from 1.5 to 9.5, consistent with previous literature values. We use a machine learning approach to show that non-ideality is most likely due to small-scale flow features where the aerosols are combined with sheath flows. Machine learning is also used to minimize the uncertainty in measured INP concentrations. We suggest that detailed measurement, on an instrument-byinstrument basis, be performed to characterize this uncertainty.

show abstract

Impacts of Bioaerosols on Atmospheric Ice Nucleation Processes

Hill

DeMott

Conen

et al. 2017

Microbiology of Aerosols

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN): an instrument to investigate ice nucleation

Cited by 70 publications

References 42 publications

Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber Comparison (LINC): intercomparison of four online ice nucleation counters

Leipzig Ice Nucleation chamber Comparison (LINC): intercomparison of four online ice nucleation counters

Uncertainty in counting ice nucleating particles with continuous flow diffusion chambers

Impacts of Bioaerosols on Atmospheric Ice Nucleation Processes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About