The spectrum of eating disturbances

Shisslak, Catherine M.; Crago, Marjorie; Estes, Linda S.

doi:10.1002/1098-108x(199511)18:3<209::aid-eat2260180303>3.0.co;2-e

Cited by 272 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…1 e continuum starts with less severe behaviors such as restrictive dietary strategies, which may progress to more severe eating behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, diet pill use, as well as laxative and diuretic use. 1,2 Ultimately, these behaviors may lead to clinical eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not otherwise speci ed (EDNOS). 1,2 A signi cant proportion of high school female athletes as well as other adolescent girls engage in DE behaviors, reaching values as high as 40%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Ultimately, these behaviors may lead to clinical eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and eating disorder not otherwise speci ed (EDNOS). 1,2 A signi cant proportion of high school female athletes as well as other adolescent girls engage in DE behaviors, reaching values as high as 40%. [3][4][5][6][7] Whether participating in a sport protects against or increases the risk of developing DE behaviors is controversial, partly due to the fact that the association is in uenced by many confounding factors such as age, competition level, and type of sport practiced.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Determinants of Restrictive Dietary Behaviors among Female High School Athletes

Morissette¹,

Laramée²,

Drapeau³

et al. 2015

Health Behavior and Policy Review

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Objectives: This study assessed the determinants of intention to adopt restrictive dietary behaviors to lose weight among high school female athletes. Methods: Female athletes (N = 255) and non-athlete controls (N = 91) completed a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. Results: Intention to adopt restrictive dietary behaviors to lose weight, which had a prevalence of 22%-29% among athletes and controls, was correlated primarily with attitude towards this behavior (R 2 = 45%, p < .0001). Attitude was in turn correlated with improvement in appearance (R 2 = 37%, p < .0001). Conclusions: Improvement in appearance is a key belief to address in interventions aimed at decreasing the intention to use restrictive dietary behaviors to lose weight among adolescent female athletes.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Restrictive Dietary Behaviors among Female High School Athletes

Morissette¹,

Laramée²,

Drapeau³

et al. 2015

Health Behavior and Policy Review

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“…Unfortunately, misperceptions of the ideal body shape and weight can encourage a pre-occupation with weight loss strategies. Long-term, these strategies may lead to illhealth due to inadequate caloric intake, use of pharmacological agents, and extreme weight control methods such as fasting and excessive exercise (Shisslak et al, 1995;Reinking and Alexander, 2005;Petrie et al, 2009) potentially leading to eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. The following review focuses on appropriate screening techniques for identifying the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with this eating disorder.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-participation cardiac screening in young athletes: Models and criteria

Ingle

2010

British Journal of Cardiac Nursing

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In young people, especially females, a high importance is placed on body image and physical appearance. Unfortunately, misperceptions of the ideal body shape can encourage a pre-occupation with weight loss strategies. Long-term, these strategies may lead to ill-healthanorexia nervosa (AN) is a condition where there is evidence of low body weight, a refusal to maintain body weight, a distorted body image, and menstrual dysfunction. This review focuses on screening techniques for identifying cardiovascular risk in patients with AN.Predictors of cardiac risk have not been robustly investigated in AN, consequently health professionals involved in cardiovascular risk screening may be reliant on screening methodologies that are based on anecdotal evidence. The current inability to accurately predict cardiac events and sudden cardiac death in chronically ill patients with enduring AN is a concern that requires greater national attention

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“…According to a report in the New England Journal of Medicine (Becker, Grinspoon, & Kilbanski, 1999), eating disorders affect an estimated 5 million Americans every year, with female adolescents and young adults comprising the majority of cases. Although clinically diagnosed eating disorders have been found in one to two percent of the female population, the prevalence of subclinical eating disorders is much higher affecting up to 60% of adolescent and college-aged females (Austin, 2000;Mintz & Betz, 1988;Shisslak, Crago, & Estes, 1995). Furthermore, at any point in time, approximately 40-45% of girls and young women are trying to lose weight through various means motivated by "normative" body dissatisfaction (French, Story, & Neumark-Sztainer, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many Westernized countries, the incidence of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) has drastically increased among Although clinically diagnosed eating disorders have been found in one to two percent of the female population, the prevalence of subclinical eating disorders is much higher affecting up to 60% of adolescent and college-aged females (Austin, 2000;Holston & Cashwell, 2000;Mintz & Betz, 1988;Shisslak, Crago, & Estes, 1995; Stice & Peterson, 2007). At any point in time, 40-45% of girls and young women are trying to lose weight through various means motivated by "normative" body dissatisfaction (French, Story, & Neumark-Sztainer, 1997;Striegel-Moore, Silberstein, & Rodin, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Risk of Disordered Eating Among Female College Students: A Test of Alternative Interventions

Machin¹,

Leigh²

2009

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a cognitive-dissonance based intervention in reducing disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. The intervention program created dissonance through discussion, exercises, and homework aimed at addressing and countering internalized sociocultural pressures, beliefs and values about women's bodies, attractiveness, and worth in the U.S. Seventy-seven female undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: cognitive-dissonance, combined cognitive-dissonance, healthy weight placebo control, and wait-list control To determine effectiveness of the intervention, MANCOVA procedures were used, with Time 1 scores serving as the covariate. Overall, the women who received the dissonance based interventions produced the strongest effects among measures assessing sociocultural pressures, internalization, and body dissatisfaction in comparison to the control group, and experienced significant reductions in dieting behaviors and bulimic symptoms over the course of the study, suggesting that the creation of dissonance via the intervention assisted the women in reducing eating disorder risk factors. Tebbe for all their efforts and enthusiasm in the initial development of these programs.On a personal note, I would like to thank Kelsey Latimer for her unconditional support throughout this program and for making studying for tests seem like a lot of fun! I would like to thank all my family members (Momm, Dadd, Elissa, Michael, Tom, Sarah, Gramma, Gloria, Horacio, Florencia, and Alejandro) for always caring and listening to me when I had a lot to say. Finally, I would like to thank Sebastian Machin for his generosity, support, and love…we did it.iii (Mussell, Binford, & Fulkerson, 2000). Even so, most researchers acknowledge the central role that sociocultural factors play in their development (Striegel-Moore & Bulik, 2007). The pursuit and internalization of societal ideals of thinness (the "thin ideal") may be attributable in part to repeated exposure to messages, communicated by family, friends, and the media, that glamorize and glorify excessive thinness (Irving, 1990;Stice, Schupak-Neuberg, Shaw, & Stein, 1994). Women may become dissatisfied with their bodies as they compare themselves to these unrealistic and unattainable societal body ideals (Brownell, 1991), and then react to this dissatisfaction in one (or both) of two specific ways. For some women, because physical appearance strongly influences their self-evaluation and emotional state, body dissatisfaction can lead to feelings of sadness, guilt, shame, depression, anxiety, and hostility. To cope with and distract themselves from these negative emotions, these women may binge eat; that is, eating becomes a salve for their affective distress (Stice, 2001). Other women may react to their body dissatisfaction by increasing their efforts to diet in an attempt to alter physical size to more closely approximate the societal thin-ideal. Because of the extensive caloric restriction and the inability to mai...

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The spectrum of eating disturbances

Cited by 272 publications

References 86 publications

Determinants of Restrictive Dietary Behaviors among Female High School Athletes

Determinants of Restrictive Dietary Behaviors among Female High School Athletes

Pre-participation cardiac screening in young athletes: Models and criteria

Reducing the Risk of Disordered Eating Among Female College Students: A Test of Alternative Interventions

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