The spectrum of venous anomalies associated with atretic parietal cephaloceles: A literature review

Sencer, Serra; Arnaout, Mohamed M.; Al-Jehani, Hosam; Alsubaihawi, Zahraa A.; Al-Sharshahi, Zahraa F.; Hoz, Shmaryahu

doi:10.25259/sni_943_2020

Cited by 9 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In our study, brain herniation into the encephalocele sac occurred in almost half of the cases, but this was least likely in the parieto-occipital junction cluster, in keeping with clinical reports of preferential atretic encephaloceles at this location 32 . Of interest, an associated venous abnormality, speci cally a falcine sinus, was associated with encephaloceles in all locations but was more frequent within the parietooccipital location.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A topographical analysis of encephalocele locations: generation of a standardised atlas and cluster analysis

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveEncephaloceles are considered to result from defects in the developing skull through which meninges, and potentially brain tissue, herniate. The pathological mechanism underlying this process is incompletely understood. We aimed to describe the location of encephaloceles through the generation of a group atlas to determine whether they occur at random sites or clusters within distinct anatomical regions. MethodsPatients diagnosed with cranial encephaloceles or meningoceles were identi ed from a prospectively maintained database between 1984 and 2021. Images were transformed to atlas space using non-linear registration. The bone defect, encephalocele and herniated brain contents were manually segmented allowing for a 3-dimensional heat map of encephalocele locations to be generated. The centroids of the bone defects were clustered utilising a K-mean clustering machine learning algorithm in which the elbow method was used to identify the optimal number of clusters. ResultsOf the 124 patients identi ed, 55 had volumetric imaging in the form of MRI (48/55) or CT (7/55) that could be used for atlas generation. Median encephalocele volume was 14704 [IQR 3655-86746] mm 3 and the median surface area of the skull defect was 679 [IQR 374-765] mm 2 . Brain herniation into the encephalocele was found in 45% (25/55) with a median volume of 7433 [IQR 3123-14237] mm 3 . Application of the elbow method revealed 3 discrete clusters: 1) Anterior skull base (22%; 12/55), 2) Parieto-occipital junction (45%; 25/55) and 3) Peri-torcular (33%; 18/55). Cluster analysis revealed no correlation between the location of the encephalocele with gender [χ 2 (2, n = 91) = 3.86, p = 0.15]. Compared to expected population frequencies, encephaloceles were relatively more common in Black, Asian and Other compared to White ethnicities. A falcine sinus was identi ed in 51% (28/55) of cases.Falcine sinuses were more common [χ 2 (2, n = 55) = 6.09, p = 0.05] whilst brain herniation was less common [χ 2 (2, n = 55) = .16.24, p < 0.0003] in the parieto-occipital location. ConclusionThis analysis revealed three predominant clusters for the location of encephaloceles, with the parietooccipital junction being the most common. The stereotypic location of encephaloceles into anatomically distinct clusters and the coexistence of distinct venous malformations at certain sites suggests that their

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A topographical analysis of encephalocele locations: generation of a standardised atlas and cluster analysis

et al. 2023

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“…Table 1 shows the productivity of Iraqi medical students with their publications’ number and type of authorship. [ 2 - 12 , 15 - 25 , 28 , 31 - 37 , 39 - 43 , 45 - 61 , 63 , 65 , 67 - 69 , 72 , 73 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Academic productivity of Iraqi medical students in the field of neurosurgery: A literature review

Ismail

Algburi

Al-Khazaal

et al. 2023

Surgical Neurology International

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Background: The interest in clinical research is growing worldwide, and the involvement of medical students in academic and clinical research is increasing. Medical students in Iraq have started to focus on academic activities. However, this trend is in its infancy due to limited resources and the war burden. Their interest in the field of Neurosurgery has been evolving recently. This is the first paper that aims to assess the status of the academic productivity of Iraqi medical students within the neurosurgical field. Methods: We searched the PubMed Medline database and Google scholar between January 2020 and December 2022 with a different combination of keywords. Additional results were obtained by individually searching for all the medical universities in Iraq that participated in the neurosurgical literature. Results: Between January 2020 and December 2022, 60 neurosurgical publications included Iraqi medical students. 47 Iraqi medical students from 9 universities (the University of Baghdad 28 students, followed by 6 students from the University of Al-Nahrain, and others) were involved in these 60 neurosurgery publications. The topics of these publications are “vascular neurosurgery” (n = 36) followed by “neurotrauma” (n = 11). Conclusion: Academic productivity of Iraqi medical students in the field of Neurosurgery has surged in the last 3 years. In the past 3 years, 47 Iraqi medical students from nine different Iraqi universities contributed to sixty international neurosurgical publications. However, there are challenges that are required to be tackled to establish a research-friendly environment despite wars and restrained resources.

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“…In a recent review of 30 reports with 68 parietal AC cases, Sencer et al . [ 7 ] found the following venous anomalies; fenestrated SSS in 48%, persistent falcine sinus in 47%, vertical embryonic positioning of the straight sinus in 44%, absent straight sinus in 39.7%, and anomalies in vein of Galen in 26.8%. Only 28 (38%) underwent surgical excision and the remaining 42 (62%) were followed-up conservatively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atretic cephaloceles with different imaging phenotypes – Case series with review of literature

Kiran

Sunitha

Kashyap

et al. 2023

JNRP

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Atretic cephaloceles (ACs) are congenital skull defects with herniation of rudimentary intracranial structures through the defect and associated with persistent falcine sinus or embryonic positioning of straight sinus. We describe five cases of ACs, out of which only one had embryonic straight sinus. Three cases had other intracranial malformations such as hypoplasia of corpus callosum, dysplastic tectum in one child and parieto-occipital polymicrogyria with falcotentorial dehiscence in the other, and frontal horn deformity and cortical dysplasia in the third. The prognosis of AC depends on the coexistent intracranial abnormalities and this highlights the role of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing the other associated anomalies for prediction of prognosis and planning of necessary surgical management.

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The spectrum of venous anomalies associated with atretic parietal cephaloceles: A literature review

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

A topographical analysis of encephalocele locations: generation of a standardised atlas and cluster analysis

A topographical analysis of encephalocele locations: generation of a standardised atlas and cluster analysis

Academic productivity of Iraqi medical students in the field of neurosurgery: A literature review

Atretic cephaloceles with different imaging phenotypes – Case series with review of literature

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