The SPICA-SAFARI Detector System: TES Detector Arrays With Frequency-Division Multiplexed SQUID Readout

Jackson, B. D.; Korte, P. A. J. de; Kuur, J. van der; Mauskopf, Philip Daniel; Beyer, J.; Bruijn, M. P.; Cros, A.; Gao, J. R.; Griffin, Douglas; Hartog, R. den; Kiviranta, Mikko; Lange, Gert de; Leeuwen, Bert-Joost van; Macculi, C.; Ravera, Laurent; Trappe, N.; Weers, H. van; Withington, S.

doi:10.1109/tthz.2011.2177705

Cited by 70 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Since the cooling (thermal resetting) of the bolometer is carried out directly by electron diffusion (as opposed to the long, weak, thermal links required by many of today's most sensitive bolometers [14][15][16] ), the thermal time constant associated with the cold electron bolometer is governed by the tunnelling time. This can be 17 as low as 10 ns, whereas other types of detector 18 have response times of the order of 1 ms.…”

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A strained silicon cold electron bolometer using Schottky contacts

Brien

Barry

Dunscombe

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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We describe optical characterisation of a Strained Silicon Cold Electron Bolometer (CEB), operating on a 350 mK stage, designed for absorption of millimetre-wave radiation. The silicon Cold Electron Bolometer utilises Schottky contacts between a superconductor and an n ++ doped silicon island to detect changes in the temperature of the charge carriers in the silicon, due to variations in absorbed radiation. By using strained silicon as the absorber, we decrease the electron-phonon coupling in the device and increase the responsivity to incoming power. The strained silicon absorber is coupled to a planar aluminium twin-slot antenna designed to couple to 160 GHz and that serves as the superconducting contacts. From the measured optical responsivity and spectral response, we calculate a maximum optical efficiency of 50 % for radiation coupled into the device by the planar antenna and an overall noise equivalent power (NEP), referred to absorbed optical power, of 1.1 × 10 −16 W Hz −1 /2 when the detector is observing a 300 K source through a 4 K throughput limiting aperture. Even though this optical system is not optimised we measure a system noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of 6 mK Hz −1 /2 . We measure the noise of the device using a cross-correlation of time stream data measured simultaneously with two junction field-effect transistor (JFET) amplifiers, with a base correlated noise level of 300 pV Hz −1 /2 and find that the total noise is consistent with a combination of photon noise, current shot noise and electron-phonon thermal noise.

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confidence: 99%

A strained silicon cold electron bolometer using Schottky contacts

Brien

Barry

Dunscombe

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Here V th (V 0 ) and R th are the Thevenin equivalent voltage and resistance for the bias network excluding the TES and stray resistance and R(T , V ) is the TES resistance calculated from (1). It is interesting that this model is unstable low on the transition, like measured IV curves.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Performance of a Low-Noise Test Facility for the SAFARI TES Bolometer Arrays

et al. 2012

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We have constructed a test facility for characterizing the focal plane arrays of SAFARI, the far-infrared imaging spectrometer for the SPICA satellite. SAFARI's three bolometer arrays are populated with extremely sensitive (NEP ∼ 2 × 10 −19 W/ √ Hz) transition edge sensors with a transition temperature close to 100 mK. The extreme sensitivity and low saturation power (∼4 fW) of SAFARI's detectors present challenges to characterizing them. In optimizing the SAFARI Detector System Test Facility we have paid careful attention to stray-light exclusion as well as electrical, magnetic, and mechanical isolation. We present measurements verifying the facility's performance and analyze them in terms of a two-fluid model of the TES current on the transition to investigate the background power level. We have measured a detector NEP of (5.1 ± 0.4) × 10 −19 W Hz −1/2 , showing that the facility is ready to test the SAFARI prototype arrays and is approaching the performance needed for testing the flight arrays.

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“…The optical coupling will be by impedance matched absorbers which are well coupled to the TES, on which the incoming radiation is focussed by pairs of multi-mode pyramidal horns and a non-resonating cavities with an efficiency of at least 50%. A more elaborate overview of the SAFARI instrument can be found elsewhere [1]. This paper focusses on the design considerations of the imaging array readout and the focal plane assemblies, which are driven by the stringent power limitations, both electrical and with respect to cooling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SPICA-SAFARI TES Bolometer Readout: Developments Towards a Flight System

et al. 2012

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SAFARI is an imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer for 35-200 µm under development for flight on the Japanese IR-satellite SPICA (2018). The 3.25 m diameter actively cooled telescope (<6K) will provide a sky background limited signal, which implies that detectors will need to have an NEP of 3.5 · 10 −19 W/ √ Hz in order not to be limiting the sensitivity. The instrument will utilize three TES-based detector arrays, covering the 2 × 2 arcmin field-of-view in three octaves of wave length. This contribution will present an overview of the detector sub-system, i.e.: the detector arrays and radiation coupling, the focal plane assembly, the amplification chain and the frequency-domain-multiplexed electronics. The focus will be on the implications on the system design of the readout under the stringent power dissipation, heat load, and weight limitations.

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The SPICA-SAFARI Detector System: TES Detector Arrays With Frequency-Division Multiplexed SQUID Readout

Cited by 70 publications

References 29 publications

A strained silicon cold electron bolometer using Schottky contacts

A strained silicon cold electron bolometer using Schottky contacts

Performance of a Low-Noise Test Facility for the SAFARI TES Bolometer Arrays

The SPICA-SAFARI TES Bolometer Readout: Developments Towards a Flight System

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