The Split Ejaculate: Assessment of Fertility Potential Using Two in vitro Test Systems

Sokol, Rebecca Z.; Madding, Carole I.; Handelsman, D J; Rs, Swerdloff

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1986.tb01795.x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…I), the first fraction was seen to be more fertile. Similar observation was reported earlier (12,16,23,25). Along with split ejaculate studies, attempts were made to find out a substance or chemical that could increase sperm motility of different splits of ejaculate (26,27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Level of Copper in Human Split Ejaculate

Valsa

Sumangala

et al. 2016

Urologia

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…After the introduction of split ejaculate technique by Lundquist (9), insemination using rich part of homologous semen was routinely followed in infertility clinics (7). Sperm-rich fraction was equal to that of whole semen in quality (16, 17). Ejaculates could be collected in two (18), three (19), five (20) or even in six splits (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of Copper in Human Split Ejaculate

Valsa

Sumangala

et al. 2016

Urologia

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show abstract

“…The first fraction of ejaculate is more fertile [ 8 , 12 , 16 , 27 ]. The present study observed a different quality of each split ejaculate – a decrease in total semen volume from the first to third ejaculate ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It activates immotile sperm collected from the epididymis and stimulates respiration in the spermatozoa [ 46 ], stimulating the contractile apparatus of the sperm flagellum [ 47 ] (Babock et al 1978), and binds to the protein on the cell membrane [ 48 ]. The calcium inside the cell influences its motility, either by modifying the wave-form of tail movement or by inhibiting the motility completely [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BASIC SCIENCE Split ejaculation study: semen parameters and calcium and magnesium in seminal plasma

Valsa¹,

Kp²,

Khan³

et al. 2012

cejurol4/2012

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ObjectivesMale infertility is on the rise. Artificial insemination is an option in many cases like oligozoospermia or oligoasthenozoospermia. Homologous insemination is helpful for some couples in whom sperm count is low. This study was aimed to understand the most suitable portion of split ejaculate for insemination and also the level of calcium and magnesium in each split.Materials and methodsA total number of 31 normal and clinically healthy adults participated in this study. They were instructed to maintain abstinence for 2-5 days prior to sample collection in three splits. Each split was evaluated as if it were a whole sample, following WHO criteria. Seminal plasma was separated. Calcium and magnesium levels were measured in seminal plasma and spermatozoa of each split.ResultsThe split ejaculate study revealed that the first portion contained a higher number of spermatozoa with better motility than the 2nd and 3rd splits. Similarly, the level of calcium and magnesium in seminal plasma and spermatozoa was greater in the first split, followed by 2nd and 3rd splits.ConclusionThe presented split ejaculate study has shown the first ejaculate as superior in quality in terms of total sperm count and percentage of active motility. The first split of ejaculation is recommended for homologous artificial insemination in case of oligozoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia. This study has also shown that a major portion of two important elements, calcium and magnesium, is contributed by the prostate gland.

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“…Although the evaluation of split ejaculate was practised in earlier days to understand the pathophysiology and functional competence of accessory sexual glands (Tauber et al ., 1975; Ndovi et al ., 2006) and to assess the fertility potential (Lindholmer 1973; Sokol et al ., 1986), there is no report on the DNA integrity of spermatozoa suspended in different fractions of the ejaculate. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the DNA integrity of spermatozoa with respect to specific ejaculate fractions in patients having various semen abnormalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ejaculate fractions of asthenozoospermic and teratozoospermic patients have differences in the sperm DNA integrity

et al. 2011

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The initial fraction of the human ejaculate mainly contains prostatic secretions and the subsequent fraction holds majority of the spermatozoa suspended in the secretions from the seminal vesicle. Apart from large series of proteins, human ejaculate also contains antioxidants and reactive oxygen species that are specific to certain accessory sexual glands; however, the influence of these components on the sperm DNA integrity has not been elucidated till date. The present investigation was conducted using split (first and second) ejaculate fractions of forty-one subjects having various semen abnormalities. Sperm DNA integrity was assessed in the individual fractions by comet assay and quantified. The amount of sperm DNA damage between the split fractions is not significantly different in normozoospermic semen samples. In contrast, split fraction-2 had significantly elevated level of DNA-damaged spermatozoa in asthenozoospermic (P < 0.01) and teratozoospermic groups (P < 0.001) when compared to whole ejaculate. The split fraction analysis using various types of ejaculates demonstrated the difference in sperm DNA integrity, which has not been reported till date. Hence, in a clinical point of view, the use of initial ejaculate fraction may be considered superior to whole ejaculate in assisted conception if the DNA integrity is a concern especially in asthenozoospermic and teratozoospermic samples.

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The Split Ejaculate: Assessment of Fertility Potential Using Two in vitro Test Systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Level of Copper in Human Split Ejaculate

Level of Copper in Human Split Ejaculate

BASIC SCIENCE Split ejaculation study: semen parameters and calcium and magnesium in seminal plasma

Ejaculate fractions of asthenozoospermic and teratozoospermic patients have differences in the sperm DNA integrity

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