The Spontaneous Ignition of Hydrocarbon Fuels in a Flowing System

Abstract

An apparatus is described in which the ignition delays of fuel sprays have been measured over a range of pressures (30–60 atm.), temperatures (770–980°K), and velocities up to 70 ft/s (21 m/s), in a continuously flowing air stream. Experiments have been made over this range of conditions with 21 hydrocarbon fuels and the appropriate values of ignition delay for any given engine or fuel can be interpolated. For the engine designer, equations are recommended relating ignition delay, air pressure, and temperature for a range of commercial fuels from diesel fuel to a premium grade gasoline. Curves are presented indicating the variation of ignition delay with cetane number and octane number, and a relationship between these two parameters has been derived.

Fuel temperature influence on diesel sprays in inert and reacting conditions

“…A review of them has been presented by Heywood [32] and Ramos [7]. Some authors like Stringer [33] this effect has been taken into account in the equation derived by Pischinger that in [35]. The equation is reported below:…”

Effects of nozzle geometry on direct injection diesel engine combustion process

“…In some of them, the authors arrived to Arrhenius-like expressions (Stringer [22], Wolfer [23], Hiroyasu [24]) as described in the following formula:…”

Ignition Delay in a Diesel Engine Utilizing Different Fuels

“…As a result, the calculation of the working process in gas diesels [8] involves the use of formulas intended for a purely diesel process, for example, the formula of Tolstov [9]. This statement is corroborated by Table 4 which gives, along with the experimental data obtained in the experimental setup described above for the gas-diesel process (natural gas as fuel), the values of τ i calculated by formulas of different authors [14][15][16][17]. One can see in Table 4 that, unlike the known formulas, the suggested formula (7) fits well the experimentally obtained values of ignition delay.…”