The spread of pathogens through trade in wildlife

Travis, Dominic A.; Watson, Rosina; Tauer, A

doi:10.20506/rst.30.1.2035

Cited by 61 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 198 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…It is apparent that wildlife trade poses a risk for public health through the potential introduction and/or reintroduction of zoonotic pathogens into the United States (Swift et al, 2007;Karesh and Noble, 2009;Pavlin et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2009Smith et al, , 2012Travis et al, 2011). Ongoing concern about the risk has prompted suggested regulatory changes without adequate scientific evidence for decision-making.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This activity has a negative impact on wildlife conservation of threatened species that are traded, pushing certain populations to the border of extinction (Broad et al, 2003). It has also contributed to the emergence (or re-emergence) and spread of infectious diseases (Swift et al, 2007;Karesh and Noble, 2009;Pavlin et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2009Smith et al, , 2012Travis et al, 2011). These diseases pose a risk for agriculture, native wildlife and public health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Prioritization Tool to Identify the Public Health Risks of Wildlife Trade: The Case of Rodents from Latin America

Bueno

Smith

Sampedro

et al. 2015

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Wildlife trade (both formal and informal) is a potential driver of disease introduction and emergence. Legislative proposals aim to prevent these risks by banning wildlife imports, and creating 'white lists' of species that are cleared for importation. These approaches pose economic harm to the pet industry, and place substantial burden on importers and/or federal agencies to provide proof of low risk for importation of individual species. As a feasibility study, a risk prioritization tool was developed to rank the pathogens found in rodent species imported from Latin America into the United States with the highest risk of zoonotic consequence in the United States. Four formally traded species and 16 zoonotic pathogens were identified. Risk scores were based on the likelihood of pathogen release and human exposure, and the severity of the disease (consequences). Based on the methodology applied, three pathogens (Mycobacterium microti, Giardia spp. and Francisella tularensis) in one species (Cavia porcellus) were ranked as highest concern. The goal of this study was to present a methodological approach by which preliminary management resources can be allocated to the identified high-concern pathogen-species combinations when warranted. This tool can be expanded to other taxa and geographic locations to inform policy surrounding the wildlife trade.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Prioritization Tool to Identify the Public Health Risks of Wildlife Trade: The Case of Rodents from Latin America

Bueno

Smith

Sampedro

et al. 2015

Zoonoses and Public Health

Self Cite

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“…Surveillance of illegal wildlife trade activity may also bring insight into the spread of zoonotic diseases as an early detection system, as the trade has been shown to play an inarguable role in the facilitation of disease transmission [24]. Jones et al found that a majority of emerging infectious diseases were caused by zoonotic pathogens, and that over 70% originated in wildlife, with the number of events increasing significantly over time [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Surveillance: A Novel Approach to Monitoring the Illegal Wildlife Trade

Hansen

Joly

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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A dearth of information obscures the true scale of the global illegal trade in wildlife. Herein, we introduce an automated web crawling surveillance system developed to monitor reports on illegally traded wildlife. A resource for enforcement officials as well as the general public, the freely available website, http://www.healthmap.org/wildlifetrade, provides a customizable visualization of worldwide reports on interceptions of illegally traded wildlife and wildlife products. From August 1, 2010 to July 31, 2011, publicly available English language illegal wildlife trade reports from official and unofficial sources were collected and categorized by location and species involved. During this interval, 858 illegal wildlife trade reports were collected from 89 countries. Countries with the highest number of reports included India (n = 146, 15.6%), the United States (n = 143, 15.3%), South Africa (n = 75, 8.0%), China (n = 41, 4.4%), and Vietnam (n = 37, 4.0%). Species reported as traded or poached included elephants (n = 107, 12.5%), rhinoceros (n = 103, 12.0%), tigers (n = 68, 7.9%), leopards (n = 54, 6.3%), and pangolins (n = 45, 5.2%). The use of unofficial data sources, such as online news sites and social networks, to collect information on international wildlife trade augments traditional approaches drawing on official reporting and presents a novel source of intelligence with which to monitor and collect news in support of enforcement against this threat to wildlife conservation worldwide.

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“…So, the region naturally has a variable climate (23), although during the last years it had a very changeable climate. Some of these changes were very cold and warm winters, very hot summers, unusual droughts, and torrential rains followed by destructive floods (23,24). Climate changes probably promote the proliferation of insect vectors, prolong transmission cycles, or the appearance of vectors or reservoirs in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Climatic Changes on Spatial Distribution of Zoonoses: A Case Study from South Khorasan Province, Iran

2018

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Zoonotic diseases are the infectious diseases that can be transferred from vertebrates to humans. Climate changes increase migration of human and animal hosts, vectors, and pathogens and also have considerable impacts on the prevalence of zoonotic diseases. Climatic changes, as well as anthropogenic and natural factors can affect the complicated nature of the human-animal interface. South Khorasan province, located in the Eastern Iran, has dry climate and experiences a very variable climate in the recent years. The current study aimed at evaluating the relationship between climate changes, such as temperature trend and the prevalence of zoonotic diseases in South Khorasan province. Zoonotic infections among residents of all ages in the 11 cities of the province were studied from 2005 to 2014 and were compared with the climate changes (temperature trend); the Pearson test and the geographic information system (GIS) were used to analyze data. The results showed that during the last decade, the emergence of zoonotic diseases dramatically increased, which is of great concern regarding human and animal health. The prevalence of zoonotic diseases showed higher frequencies in the Western part of South Khorasan province, particularly in Tabas and Boshrooye. There were significant differences in the mean annual rate of zoonotic diseases comparing with the mean annual temperature of the province during the studies period (R = 0.74). Assessment of global changes in the status of vector-borne diseases is of great importance, since the risk of zoonotic diseases increases by climate changes due to the proliferation of the hosts, reservoirs, and vectors. Correlation between the changes in zoonotic diseases, occurred in some of zoonotic pathogens in the recent decade in the studied region, and climate indicators showed that climate changes can provide the conditions for endemicity; the condition that did exist before in this region.

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The spread of pathogens through trade in wildlife

Cited by 61 publications

References 198 publications

Risk Prioritization Tool to Identify the Public Health Risks of Wildlife Trade: The Case of Rodents from Latin America

Risk Prioritization Tool to Identify the Public Health Risks of Wildlife Trade: The Case of Rodents from Latin America

Digital Surveillance: A Novel Approach to Monitoring the Illegal Wildlife Trade

Effect of Climatic Changes on Spatial Distribution of Zoonoses: A Case Study from South Khorasan Province, Iran

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