The stability and change of malaise scores over 27years: Findings from a nationally representative sample

Furnham, Adrian; Cheng, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.027

Cited by 39 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There is also the interesting and important question of change in cognitive ability and personality over time. There is an extensive literature on whether personality changes much over time with some people adopting the “plaster” or little change, as opposed to the “plastic” or greater change perspective [59]. There has been less work on the stability of intelligence (IQ) over time, though there is still debate between those with different mindsets as defined by Dweck [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Cognitive Ability Predicts Adult Financial Well-Being

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Cheng

2016

J. Intell.

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This study set out to investigate to what extent childhood cognitive ability, along with personality traits, education and occupational status, as well as marital status influence adult financial success. Data were drawn from a large, prospective birth cohort in the UK, the National Child Development Study (NCDS). The analytic sample was comprised of 4537 cohort members with data on parental social class (at birth), cognitive ability (at age 11), educational qualifications (at age 33), personality traits (at age 50), current marital status and occupational prestige, and salary/wage earning level (all measured at age 54). Correlational results showed that parental social class, childhood cognitive ability, traits extraversion, emotional stability, conscientiousness, and openness, being married positively, being divorced or separated negatively, education and occupation as well as gender were all significantly associated with adult earning ability (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Effect sizes for the relationship between intelligence and income was moderate. Results of a multiple regression analysis showed that childhood cognitive ability, traits conscientiousness and openness, educational qualifications and occupational prestige were significant and independent predictors of adult earning ability accounting for 30% of the total variance. There was also a gender effect on the outcome variable. Numerous limitations are noted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Cognitive Ability Predicts Adult Financial Well-Being

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Cheng

2016

J. Intell.

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“…Descriptive statistics and the full wording of the items are presented in Tables 1a and 1b. The Malaise Inventory has been shown to have good psychometric properties (McGee, Williams, & Silva, 1986) and has been used in general population studies as well as investigations of high risk groups (Furnham & Cheng, 2015). In both cohorts the nine-item version correlates highly with the 24-item version (rNCDS = 0.91 at age 42 years and rBCS70 = 0.92 at age 30) (Ploubidis et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psychological assessment of populations in the form of self-report questionnaires play a key role in psychiatric research epidemiology and public health (Böhnke & Croudace, 2016). The abundance of longitudinal studies in the UK that collect repeated measures of mental health outcomes from the same individuals over time have resulted in a growing literature investigating mental health longitudinally (Clark, Rodgers, Caldwell, Power, & Stansfeld, 2007;Colman, Ploubidis, Wadsworth, Jones, & Croudace, 2007;Furnham & Cheng, 2015;Sacker & Wiggins, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal examination of the measurement equivalence of mental health assessments in two British birth cohorts

Ploubidis

McElroy

Cogo-Moreira

2019

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies

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Valid inference from the investigation of mental health relies – among others – on the assumption of no measurement error. However, it is well known that data from self-reported measures are likely to be biased by some process that is driven by the respondent’s personality and/or circumstances. We capitalised on data available in two nationally representative birth cohorts, the National Child Development Study (1958 birth cohort) and the 1970 British Cohort Study to formally test the longitudinal measurement equivalence of the nine-item version of the Malaise Inventory, a measure of psychological distress. The inclusion of identical assessments of mental health in adulthood in both cohorts allowed us to evaluate their measurement properties and investigate whether the passage of time has differentially affected the interpretation of mental health assessments. To do so, we employed methods within the generalised latent variable measurement modelling framework and related extensions for formally testing measurement invariance. We found that the passage of two decades and more in both cohorts have not influenced how participants respond to the short version of the Malaise Inventory. The observed scalar invariance of the short version of the Malaise Inventory implies that potential sources of bias such as age effects, survey design, period effects, or cohort specific effects did not influence the way participants in the two cohorts respond to the symptoms described in the Malaise Inventory. Our results offer some reassurance for the extent to which self-reported mental health survey questions are affected by systematic sources of error.

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“…In personality theory there are debates between those who argue that people do change (considerably and significantly over time) and those who suggest they do not (Ardelt, 2000). This is sometimes called the plaster vs. plastic hypotheses with the former scholars suggesting that personality traits change very little over time, while the latter argue that significant, systematic and explicable changes do occur (Furnham & Cheng, 2015). Over the years the "plaster" hypothesis of little or no change (McCrae & Costa, 1994) had been replaced with the "plasticity" hypothesis of possible change (Roberts, Walton, & Viechtbauer, 2006).…”

Section: Changing Behaviour: Personality Problems and Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

What You Can and Can’t Change: Lay Perspectives on Seligman’s Guide

Furnham

2015

PSYCH

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Seligman (2007) reported 10 facts about what psychological processes and problems can be changed, and those that cannot be changed. Over 250 participants completed a questionnaire where they indicated the extent to which they agreed with Seligman, as well as a measure of the Big Five personality traits, CORE self-beliefs and a measure of Dweck's (2012) "Change Mindset" questionnaire. Lay people did not agree with Seligman and factor analysis did not confirm his grouping. Regressions indicated that age, sex, religiousness and Mindset were related to beliefs about change. Limitations are noted.

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The stability and change of malaise scores over 27years: Findings from a nationally representative sample

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

Childhood Cognitive Ability Predicts Adult Financial Well-Being

Childhood Cognitive Ability Predicts Adult Financial Well-Being

A longitudinal examination of the measurement equivalence of mental health assessments in two British birth cohorts

What You Can and Can’t Change: Lay Perspectives on Seligman’s Guide

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