The stability of a graphene oxide (GO) nanofiltration (NF) membrane in an aqueous environment: progress and challenges

Wang, Zhenxing; He, Fang; Guo, Jing; Peng, Shaoqin; Cheng, Xi Quan; Zhang, Yingjie; Drioli, Enrico; Figoli, Alberto; Li, Yuexiang; Shao, Lu

doi:10.1039/d0ma00191k

Cited by 62 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 126 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…The good mechanical strength of cross-linked GO sheets was first reported by Yeh et al [ 22 ], where they discovered that Al 3+ originating from AAO filter discs was the cause of the mechanical property enhancement of vacuum cast films using this popular but non-scalable membrane support. In addition, the GO functional groups like hydroxyl and carboxyl groups can be used with different metallic cross-linking agents to create a coordination bond, and thus it can be used to increase the membrane’s stability and tune the d-spacing between GO sheets [ 25 ]. These metallic cross-linking agents include divalent cations like: Ni 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ , or trivalent cations like: La 3+ , Fe 3+ , and Al 3+ [ 25 , 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While promising, this method is not capable of producing large area membranes [ 23 ]. Various other treatments [ 22 , 24 , 25 ] for improving the selectivity of GO have been investigated such as the use of crosslinkers with varying chain length, multi-valent cations, etc., but all of these adversely impact the flux and performance of the membrane [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene Oxide Membranes for High Salinity, Produced Water Separation by Pervaporation

et al. 2021

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Oil and gas industries produce a huge amount of wastewater known as produced water which contains diverse contaminants including salts, dissolved organics, dispersed oils, and solids making separation and purification challenging. The chemical and thermal stability of graphene oxide (GO) membranes make them promising for use in membrane pervaporation, which may provide a more economical route to purifying this water for disposal or re-use compared to other membrane-based separation techniques. In this study, we investigate the performance and stability of GO membranes cast onto polyethersulfone (PES) supports in the separation of simulated produced water containing high salinity brackish water (30 g/L NaCl) contaminated with phenol, cresol, naphthenic acid, and an oil-in-water emulsion. The GO/PES membranes achieve water flux as high as 47.8 L m−2 h−1 for NaCl solutions for membranes operated at 60 °C, while being able to reject 99.9% of the salt and upwards of 56% of the soluble organic components. The flux for membranes tested in pure water, salt, and simulated produced water was found to decrease over 72 h of testing but only to 50–60% of the initial flux in the worst-case scenario. This drop was concurrent with an increase in contact angle and C/O ratio indicating that the GO may become partially reduced during the separation process. Additionally, a closer look at the membrane crosslinker (Zn2+) was investigated and found to hydrolyze over time to Zn(OH)2 with much of it being washed away during the long-term pervaporation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide Membranes for High Salinity, Produced Water Separation by Pervaporation

et al. 2021

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“…159 Regarding GO and rGO membranes, while more scalable than graphene, contradictory results in applications in FO and RO osmosis indicate that the type of membranes and processes can provide a large range of water permeation and salt rejection values, not always better than other cutting-edge currently used membranes. Water stability in purely GO or rGO membranes seems to be still an open problem 79,97,98 with however some possible solutions. 79,101 GO membranes may be affected also by horizontal defects 106 arising from their layer by layer assembly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…88,96 3.2.6 GO membranes selectivity limited by water instability issues. As one of the major issues found in GO membranes is their stability in water, 97 studies have continued in the testing of GO membranes in a dead-end ow system. 98 It was determined that salt rejection is not stable under pressure-driven conditions and prolonged testing time, as salt rejection plunged to 0.…”

Section: Graphene-based Framework (Stacked Multi-layer)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages, limitations, and future suggestions in studying graphene-based desalination membranes

Castelletto

Boretti

2021

RSC Adv.

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“…In a work by Wang et al [ 107 ], the recent advancements made in enhancing the stability of graphene oxide-based membranes in water were properly analyzed. Liang et al [ 108 ] prepared an advanced graphene-based NF membrane having selective laminar nanochannels by filtrating the magnesium silicate nanoparticle modified r-GO nanosheets on a polyacrylonitrile membrane [ 108 ].…”

Section: Application Of Nanomaterials In the Aqueous Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in the Application of Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Their Impact on the Environment

2020

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Nanotechnology is an uppermost priority area of research in several nations presently because of its enormous capability and financial impact. One of the most promising environmental utilizations of nanotechnology has been in water treatment and remediation where various nanomaterials can purify water by means of several mechanisms inclusive of the adsorption of dyes, heavy metals, and other pollutants, inactivation and removal of pathogens, and conversion of harmful materials into less harmful compounds. To achieve this, nanomaterials have been generated in several shapes, integrated to form different composites and functionalized with active components. Additionally, the nanomaterials have been added to membranes that can assist to improve the water treatment efficiency. In this paper, we have discussed the advantages of nanomaterials in applications such as adsorbents (removal of dyes, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and organic contaminants from water), membrane materials, catalytic utilization, and microbial decontamination. We discuss the different carbon-based nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, fullerenes, etc.), and metal and metal-oxide based nanomaterials (zinc-oxide, titanium dioxide, nano zerovalent iron, etc.) for the water treatment application. It can be noted that the nanomaterials have the ability for improving the environmental remediation system. The examination of different studies confirmed that out of the various nanomaterials, graphene and its derivatives (e.g., reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, graphene-based metals, and graphene-based metal oxides) with huge surface area and increased purity, outstanding environmental compatibility and selectivity, display high absorption capability as they trap electrons, avoiding their recombination. Additionally, we discussed the negative impacts of nanomaterials such as membrane damage and cell damage to the living beings in the aqueous environment. Acknowledgment of the possible benefits and inadvertent hazards of nanomaterials to the environment is important for pursuing their future advancement.

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The stability of a graphene oxide (GO) nanofiltration (NF) membrane in an aqueous environment: progress and challenges

Abstract: The progress and challenges in achieving the stability of a graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane in an aqueous environment have been reviewed and explored.

Cited by 62 publications

References 126 publications

Graphene Oxide Membranes for High Salinity, Produced Water Separation by Pervaporation

Graphene Oxide Membranes for High Salinity, Produced Water Separation by Pervaporation

Advantages, limitations, and future suggestions in studying graphene-based desalination membranes

Developments in the Application of Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Their Impact on the Environment

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