The Stability of Individual Differences in Mental Ability from Childhood to Old Age: Follow-up of the 1932 Scottish Mental Survey

Deary, Ian J.; Whalley, Lawrence J.; Lemmon, Helen; Crawford, John R.; Starr, John M.

doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(99)00031-8

Cited by 444 publications

(337 citation statements)

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“…8 In addition, the long-term stability of g after childhood is greater than for any other behavioral trait, 9 it predicts important social outcomes such as educational and occupational levels far better than any other trait, 10 and it is a key factor in cognitive aging. 11 g is specifically relevant to molecular psychiatry because, as discussed below, mild mental retardation appears to be the low extreme of the normal distribution of g. Moreover, at least 200 single-gene disorders include mental retardation among their symptoms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics, genes, genomics and g

Plomin

2003

Mol Psychiatry

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics, genes, genomics and g

Plomin

2003

Mol Psychiatry

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“…19 Scottish cohorts All LBC1921 and ABC1936 subjects took a version of the Moray House Test, No. 2 (MHT 20,21 ), a general mental ability test at 11 years, in the Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947, respectively. The test was previously described in detail.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing replication of a 5-SNP set for general cognitive ability in six population samples

et al. 2008

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A 5-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set has been associated with general cognitive ability in 5000 7-year-old children from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). Four of these SNPs were identified through a 10 K microarray analysis and one was identified through a targeted analysis of brain-expressed genes. The present study tested this association with general cognitive ability in six population samples of varying size and age from Australia, the UK (Scotland and England) and the Netherlands. Results from the largest sample (N ¼ 1310) approached significance (P ¼ 0.06) in the direction of the original finding, but results from the other samples (N ¼ 205 -758) were mixed. A meta-analysis of the results -allowing for effect size heterogeneity between samples -yielded a non-significant correlation (r ¼ À0.01, P ¼ 0.57), indicating that this SNP set was not associated with general cognitive ability in the populations studied.

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“…Roughly 50% of the phenotypic variance in human cognitive ability is stable from age 11 to age 80. 26 Studies of elderly twins found heritabilities of 0.60-0.70 at very old ages (80 and older), 27,28 with greater influence at the higher levels of ability. 29 Thus, genetic influences in cognitive aging arise from a combination of contributions to the life-long trait of intelligence in general, and to any influences specific to old age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%