The stability of MEA in SPE water electrolysis for hydrogen production

Investigations on degradation of the long-term proton exchange membrane water electrolysis stack

“…But only a single cell was tested for 2000 h continuously and an degradation rate of 1.5 mV h À1 was measured. Wei G Q et al [16] investigated the stability of a MEA with 4 cm 2 active area in a single electrolyzer for 208 h, they indicated the short period performance decline of the MEA was mainly caused by a recoverable contamination.…”

A systematic study on electrolytic production of hydrogen gas by using graphite as electrode

“…Hydrogen plays an important role as an energy carrier for sustainable development [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and it is also expected to be used as secondary energy in near feature. Hydrogen can also be used as fuel for vehicle and rockets, as chemical, for Ni-H 2 electric cell, for direct combustion for heat, and so on.…”

The dynamic-state effects of sodium ion contamination on the solid polymer electrolyte water electrolysis

“…The impurities will produce a progressive increase of cell voltage or a decrease of current density [6,10], because these cations have higher affinity than protons for the sulfonic acid group sites and replace protons in accord with normal ion exchange processes in the ionomer phase [11e14]. The cationic impurity could significantly reduce the conductivity of the membrane and reduce water content in the fully hydrated membranes by replacement of protons [11,15].…”