“…First generation models based on low frequency data rely on liquidity theory of money demand. Following a number of earlier studies (see, e.g., Baharumshah, Mohd, & Masih, 2009; Bahmani‐Oskooee, Bahmani, Kones, & Kutan, 2015; Daniele et al, 2017; Shafiq & Malik, 2018; Folarin & Asongu, 2019), this study considers augmented money demand function on the basis of Liquidity preference theory. Hence, we start with a standard money demand function where real money demand is assumed to be a function of real income ( Y t ) and interest rate ( r t ) as opportunity cost variable. …”