The stability of Pt/C catalyst in H3PO4/PBI PEMFC during high temperature life test

Zhai, Yunfeng; Zhang, Huamin; Xing, Deke; Shao, Zhigang

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.069

Cited by 149 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…They also found that the cathode catalyst particle size grew from 3.8 nm to 6.9 nm. This is corroborated by Zhai et al [104] who reported a loss in catalyst stability at high temperature resulting in 55% loss in the Electrode Surface Area due to agglomeration.…”

Section: Degradationsupporting

confidence: 73%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

Chandan

Hattenberger

El-Kharouf

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

824

444

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One possible solution of combating issues posed by climate change is the use of the High Temperature (HT) Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell (FC) in some applications. The typical HT-PEMFC operating temperatures are in the range of 100e200 o C which allows for co-generation of heat and power, high tolerance to fuel impurities and simpler system design. This paper reviews the current literature concerning the HT-PEMFC, ranging from cell materials to stack and stack testing. Only acid doped PBI membranes meet the US DOE (Department of Energy) targets for high temperature membranes operating under no humidification on both anode and cathode sides (barring the durability). This eliminates the stringent requirement for humidity however, they have many potential drawbacks including increased degradation, leaching of acid and incompatibility with current state-of-the-art fuel cell materials. In this type of fuel cell, the choice of membrane material determines the other fuel cell component material composition, for example when using an acid doped system, the flow field plate material must be carefully selected to take into account the advanced degradation. Novel research is required in all aspects of the fuel cell components in order to ensure that they meet stringent durability requirements for mobile applications.

show abstract

Section: Degradationsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…These various configurations have been studied in an attempt to find an optimum design for fuel cell operation. Parallel [15,96], single serpentine [97e103], multiple serpentine [104], etc. are the most common designs used in PEMFC.…”

Section: Gas Diffusion Layer and Flow Field Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

Chandan

Hattenberger

El-Kharouf

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

824

444

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This can be accomplished either by impregnating the PTFE bonded electrodes with an ionomer or using the ionomer as the binder. For PBI cells, the used ionomers include PBI [227][228][229][230] or PBI-polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) [231] blend with subsequent acid doping, sulphonated polymer, e.g. Nafion [232] which in combination with phosphoric acid has proton conductivity at higher temperatures [233,234], or other polymers [235] that are containing functional groups for incorporating phosphoric acid.…”

Section: Catalysts Gas Diffusion Electrodes and Membrane-electrode Amentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Jensen

Savinell

et al. 2009

Progress in Polymer Science

1,242

852

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. To achieve high temperature operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), preferably under ambient pressure, acid-base polymer membranes represent an effective approach. The phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membrane seems so far the most successful system in the field. It has in recent years motivated extensive research activities with great progress. This treatise is devoted to updating the development, covering polymer synthesis, membrane casting, physicochemical characterizations and fuel cell technologies. To optimize the membrane properties, high molecular weight polymers with synthetically modified or N-substituted structures have been synthesized. Techniques for membrane casting from organic solutions and directly from acid solutions have been developed. Ionic and covalent cross-linking as well as inorganic-organic composites has been explored. Membrane characterizations have been made including spectroscopy, water uptake and acid doping, thermal and oxidative stability, conductivity, electro-osmotic water drag, methanol crossover, solubility and permeability of gases, and oxygen reduction kinetics. Related fuel cell technologies such as electrode and MEA fabrication have been developed and high temperature PEMFC has been successfully demonstrated at temperatures of up to 200• C under ambient pressure. No gas humidification is mandatory, which enables the elimination of the complicated humidification system, compared with Nafion cells. Other operating features of the PBI cell include easy control of air flow rate, cell temperature and cooling. The PBI cell operating at above 150• C can tolerate up to 1% CO and 10 ppm SO 2 in the fuel stream, allowing for simplification of the fuel processing system and possible integration of the fuel cell stack with fuel processing units. Long-term durability with a degradation rate of 5 V h −1 has been achieved under continuous operation with hydrogen and air at 150-160• C. With load or thermal cycling, a performance loss of 300 V per cycle or 40 V h −1 per operating hour was observed. Further improvement should be done by, e.g. optimizing the thermal and chemical stability of the polymer, acid-base interaction and acid management, activity and stability of catalyst and more importantly the catalyst support, as well as the integral interface between electrode and membrane.

show abstract

“…Small Pt particles may dissolve and redeposit on the surface of larger particles, leading to particle growth, a phenomenon called Ostwald ripening [9]; random cluster-cluster collisions of Pt particles may result in Pt agglomeration on the carbon support at the nanoscale [10]; the minimization of the catalyst clusters' Gibbs free energy may lead to Pt particle growth at the atomic scale [11]; and the movement and coalescence of Pt particles on the carbon support can cause coarsening of the catalyst [12]. Particle size growth will result in reduction of the catalytically active surface area and ultimately lead to a decrease in catalyst activity and stability.…”

Section: Catalyst Layer Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell durability test protocols

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Sources

298

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tDurability is one of the major barriers to polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) being accepted as a commercially viable product. It is therefore important to understand their degradation phenomena and analyze degradation mechanisms from the component level to the cell and stack level so that novel component materials can be developed and novel designs for cells/stacks can be achieved to mitigate insufficient fuel cell durability. It is generally impractical and costly to operate a fuel cell under its normal conditions for several thousand hours, so accelerated test methods are preferred to facilitate rapid learning about key durability issues. Based on the US Department of Energy (DOE) and US Fuel Cell Council (USFCC) accelerated test protocols, as well as degradation tests performed by researchers and published in the literature, we review degradation test protocols at both component and cell/stack levels (driving cycles), aiming to gather the available information on accelerated test methods and degradation test protocols for PEMFCs, and thereby provide practitioners with a useful toolbox to study durability issues. These protocols help prevent the prolonged test periods and high costs associated with real lifetime tests, assess the performance and durability of PEMFC components, and ensure that the generated data can be compared.Crown

show abstract

The stability of Pt/C catalyst in H3PO4/PBI PEMFC during high temperature life test

Cited by 149 publications

References 18 publications

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell durability test protocols

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About