The stallion sperm acrosome: Considerations from a research and clinical perspective

Hernández‐Avilés, Camilo; Ramírez‐Agámez, Luisa; Varner, D.D.; Love, Charles C.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.012

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Semen collection from breeding inactive stallions is also performed at 1 h apart for breeding soundness evaluation and semen cooling and freezing tests [ 28 , 29 ]. However, scant evidence supports or refutes the use of the first ejaculate of the reproductive season for semen cooling and freezing testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semen Quality of the First and Second Ejaculates Collected from Breeding Inactive Stallions after Cooling and Freezing

Podico

Spencer

Magalhaes

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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This study aimed to assess the semen quality after the cooling and freezing of the first and second ejaculates of the season, which were collected 1 h apart. After collection (n = 40 ejaculates), the gel-free semen volume, concentration, total number of sperm, and sperm morphology were determined. An aliquot of each ejaculate was extended and cooled for 48 h; a second aliquot was cushion-centrifuged and cooled for 48 h; and a third aliquot was processed and then frozen. The total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM), plasma membrane integrity (PMI), and high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP) were assessed pre-(0 h), 24 h, and 48 h post-cooling and before and after freezing. The second ejaculate had a lower gel-free semen volume (p = 0.026). The sperm concentration was greater in the first than in the second ejaculate (p < 0.001). The sperm morphology was similar between the ejaculates (p > 0.05). Cushion-centrifugation prevented a reduction in the TM, PM, and PMI over time (p < 0.05). The TM, PM, and PMI decreased after freezing but not between the ejaculates (p > 0.05). The first and second ejaculates of the season, which were collected 1 h apart, varied in quantity but not in quality after cooling and freezing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semen Quality of the First and Second Ejaculates Collected from Breeding Inactive Stallions after Cooling and Freezing

Podico

Spencer

Magalhaes

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…In severe cases of testicular degeneration, there are marked changes in the echogenicity of testicular parenchyma, and these changes are either focal or disseminated. However, during early onset, the condition is difficult to differentiate from that of a normal testicle [ 5 ].…”

Section: Examination Techniques Of the Stallion Scrotum And Its Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breeding soundness examination of a stallion requires a systematic evaluation of its health, followed by reproductive system examination, including evaluation of the scrotum and its content and semen collection and evaluation. Testicular health and spermatogenic efficiency are essential to stallion breeding soundness [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Acute testicular disorders should be considered as differential diagnoses for emergencies of breeding stallions presenting with colic, fever, or unexplained lameness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Approach to Equine Testicular Disorders

Waqas,

Arroyo,

Tibary

2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Management of breeding stallions is crucial to equine reproduction. The longevity of the breeding career is the ultimate objective, whether the stallion is used for natural cover or for semen collection and artificial insemination. Stud farm veterinarians should be aware of the techniques used to evaluate testicular function and the diagnostic approach to testicular disorders in cases of emergency. This paper presents the clinical methods used to evaluate testicular health, including palpation, ultrasonography, biopsy, and fine-needle aspiration. The discussion of testicular disorders is broken down into four categories: congenital disorders (cryptorchidism, monorchidism, and testicular hypoplasia), differential diagnosis of scrotal enlargement, differential diagnosis of causes of progressive testicular enlargement, and differential diagnosis of testicular asymmetry or reduction in size with an emphasis on testicular degeneration. The sudden increase in testicular size is often accompanied by severe clinical signs and is a major cause for referral of stallion for surgery. Testicular disorders are illustrated with clinical cases seen by the authors.

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