The standardization and application of an external (in air) particle induced gamma emission (PIGE) method for the rapid and non-destructive quantification of light elements at major to trace concentrations in coal, bottom ash and coke samples

Abstract

Coal is an important energy source and its quality evaluation in terms of ash content and other element like B and F is a necessity. An external (in air) Particle...

Optimization of external (in air) particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) methodology for rapid, non-destructive, and simultaneous quantification of fluorine, sodium, and phosphorus in nuclear waste immobilization matrices

“…4). For (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) nA change in proton current, cps ( 181 Ta(p,p ′ g) 181 Ta) varied linearly within a small range (5-60 cps), whereas for N(p,p ′ g) 14 N, cps increases with increasing beam current up to 10 nA, aer which no such signicant variation in cps was observed. This ensured that N 2 from air could be used as effective current normalizer in the external PIGE method with uctuations in proton current from (5-10) nA.…”

“… 21 The details of the experimental setup have been given in our previous publication. 20 The entire radioactive assay was carried out using a p-type coaxial HPGe detector (crystal ∼60 mm dia and 50 mm thickness, relative efficiency ∼50% and resolution ∼2.0 keV at 1332 keV of 60 Co). The detector was coupled with 8 k MCA (Multichannel Analyzer) for simultaneous detection of multiple γ-rays from low Z elements.…”

“…Conventional PIGE methods were utilized in our laboratory using in situ current normalization/current normalization from the Tantalum window for uorine determination in coal, soil, and several geological samples. [20][21][22] In the course of time, the external (in air) PIGE method has also been developed by researchers, thereby making the method simpler, rapid, and promising for analyzing samples with non-standard geometry. [23][24][25][26] Current normalization is always a challenging task in PIGE.…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…An interesting paper submitted by Samanta et al described the application of an external particle induced gamma emission (PIGE) method for the quantification of light elements in coal, bottom ash and coke . 94 An accelerator-based nuclear technique, PIGE is capable of quantifying low z elements (Li to S) using a low energy proton beam. The beam was collimated using a Ta collimator and the proton beam of 5 MeV was reduced to 3.5 MeV at the target.…”

Toward Developing Techniques─Agnostic Machine Learning Classification Models for Forensically Relevant Glass Fragments

“…Another analytical approach to study glass fragments, which is gaining popularity among law enforcement agencies, , is based on elemental analysis. Elemental analysis techniques include, but are not limited to, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry − (LA-ICP-MS), particle-induced X-ray emission , (PIXE), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), particle-induced Gamma-ray emission , (PIGE), instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA). In-depth description of the different methods with emphasis on forensic analysis could be found in several excellent reviews. , …”