The Starfish Asterina pectinifera: Collection and Maintenance of Adults and Rearing and Metamorphosis of Larvae

Murabe, Naoyuki; Okumura, Eiichi; Chiba, Kazuyoshi; Hosoda, Enako; Ikegami, Susumu; Kishimoto, Takeo

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0974-3_3

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The implementation of such non-conventional research models is nowadays essential to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying these complex biological traits at the cellular, molecular, and genetic level Arboleda et al, 2018;Ivankovic et al, 2019;Kassmer et al, 2019;Layden et al, 2016;Lechable et al, 2020;Mehta and Singh, 2019;Röttinger, 2021;Srivastava, 2022). Methods for the development and improvement of the entire life cycle in stable and reproducible laboratory conditions have recently been described for several marine vertebrates (Roux et al, 2020) and invertebrates (Carvalho et al, 2017;Gordon et al, 2020;Henry et al, 2020;Holland and Li, 2021;Lechable et al, 2020;Murabe et al, 2021;Soto-Àngel et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized husbandry and targeted gene-editing for the cnidarianNematostella vectensis

Carvalho

Burtin

Detournay³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Optimized laboratory conditions for research models are crucial for the success of scientific projects. This includes the control of the entire life cycle, access to all developmental stages and maintaining stable physiological conditions. Reducing the life cycle of a research model can also enhance the access to biological material and speed up genetic tool development. Thus, we optimized the rearing conditions for the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, a cnidarian research model to study embryonic and post-metamorphic processes, such as regeneration. We adopted a semi-automated aquaculture system for N. vectensis and developed a dietary protocol optimized for the different life stages. Thereby, we increased spawning efficiencies and post-spawning survival rates, and considerably reduced the overall life cycle down to two months. To further improve the obtention of CRISPR-Cas9 mutants, we optimized the design of sgRNAs leading to full KO animals in F0 polyps using a single sgRNA. Finally, we show that NHEJ-mediated transgene insertion is possible in N. vectensis. In sum our study provides additional resources for the scientific community that uses or will use N. vectensis as a research model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized husbandry and targeted gene-editing for the cnidarianNematostella vectensis

Carvalho

Burtin

Detournay³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Thus, maintaining self‐sustaining populations through captive breeding is one conservation measure public aquariums are striving to achieve (Che‐Castaldo et al, 2021; Powell, 2019). For echinoderms, there are a number of studies on larval development in controlled environments (Laguerre et al, 2020; Murabe et al, 2021; Rahman et al, 2012). However, although the number of cultured species available for the aquarium trade has been slowly increasing in the past few years, cultured specimens currently offered are not enough to fulfill the growing demand in this industry (Olivotto et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food‐related substrate preference in juveniles seastar Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis (Müller & Troschel,1842) in captivity

Maganhe¹,

Andrade²,

Camilo³

et al. 2023

Zoo Biology

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There are only a few studies that describe the larval development of Echinaster or aspects on culture systems for the genus. For starfishes, the choice of suitable substrates has received special attention since it could influence the acid–base balance of the water, movement capacity and predation rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ideal food‐related substrate for the rearing of juvenile Echinaster brasiliensis. A batch of fertilized eggs released in spontaneous spawning was collected and kept in a plankton‐kreisel until metamorphosis. Data on preference of food‐related substrate was recorded for 10 weeks from day 58 post‐release. From release to 132 days old, arm length increased from 0.81 mm to 1.31 ± 0.03 mm. Considering the sudden increase in arm length (AL), it was estimated that feeding started around 40 days of age. Regarding food‐related substrate preferences, biofilm grown on “rocks” showed a significant difference among other treatments, adding up to 50% of preference (p < .05). For sponge and biofilm from bio media, there was no statistical difference for the whole period. In this study, sponges showed to be the least preferred food‐related substrate for post‐settlement juveniles. Considering that Echinaster and other starfish are commonly maintained on a diet of collected or cultured sponges, difficulties in sourcing a ready supply throughout the year represent limitations to their sole use within commercial or laboratory‐scale production. In this sense, the use of biofilm from biological media for the feeding of juvenile starfish is not yet reported in the literature and showed to be an easy and promising option.

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The Development and Neuronal Complexity of Bipinnaria Larvae of the Sea Star Asterias rubens

Carter

Thompson

Elphick

et al. 2021

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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Free-swimming planktonic larvae are a key stage in the development of many marine phyla, and studies of these organisms have contributed to our understanding of major genetic and evolutionary processes. Although transitory, these larvae often attain a remarkable degree of tissue complexity, with well-defined musculature and nervous systems. Amongst the best studied are larvae belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, but with work largely focused on the pleuteus larvae of sea urchins (class Echinoidea). The greatest diversity of larval strategies amongst echinoderms is found in the class Asteroidea (sea-stars), organisms that are rapidly emerging as experimental systems for genetic and developmental studies. However, the bipinnaria larvae of sea stars have only been studied in detail in a small number of species and although they have been relatively well described neuro-anatomically, they are poorly understood neuro-chemically. Here we have analysed embryonic development and bipinnaria larval anatomy in the common North Atlantic sea-star Asterias rubens, employing use of a variety of staining methods in combination with confocal microscopy. Importantly, the chemical complexity of the nervous system of bipinnaria larvae was revealed with a diverse set of antibodies, with identification of at least three centres with different neuro-chemical signature within the previously described nervous system: the anterior apical organ, oral region and ciliary bands. Furthermore, the anatomy of the musculature and sites of cell division in bipinnaria larvae were analysed. Comparisons of developmental progression and molecular anatomy across the Echinodermata provided a basis for hypotheses on the shared evolutionary and developmental processes that have shaped this group of animals. We conclude that bipinnaria larvae appear to be remarkably conserved across ∼200 million years of evolutionary time and may represent a strong evolutionary and/or developmental constraint for species utilizing this larval strategy.

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The Starfish Asterina pectinifera: Collection and Maintenance of Adults and Rearing and Metamorphosis of Larvae

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Optimized husbandry and targeted gene-editing for the cnidarianNematostella vectensis

Optimized husbandry and targeted gene-editing for the cnidarianNematostella vectensis

Food‐related substrate preference in juveniles seastar Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis (Müller & Troschel,1842) in captivity

The Development and Neuronal Complexity of Bipinnaria Larvae of the Sea Star Asterias rubens

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