The State and Trust

Herreros, Francisco

doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051921-102842

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Shifting the costs of assessment to institutions can mitigate this problem (e.g. [ 98 ]), and this approach is especially useful where there is an unlikely but costly risk, as in the example discussed above. Examples include security checkpoints at airports and other locations, checking a taxi driver's ID card, performing a check for undisclosed criminal records when hiring an employee, and so on.…”

Section: Resolving Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving selfish and spiteful interdependent conflict

Stewart,

Pilgrim,

Raihani

2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Interdependence occurs when individuals have a stake in the success or failure of others, such that the outcomes experienced by one individual also generate costs or benefits for others. Discussion on this topic has typically focused on positive interdependence (where gains for one individual result in gains for another) and on the consequences for cooperation. However, interdependence can also be negative (where gains for one individual result in losses for another), which can spark conflict. In this article, we explain when negative interdependence is likely to arise and, crucially, the role played by (mis)perception in shaping an individual's understanding of their interdependent relationships. We argue that, owing to the difficulty in accurately perceiving interdependence with others, individuals might often be mistaken about the stake they hold in each other's outcomes, which can spark needless, resolvable forms of conflict. We then discuss when and how reducing misperceptions can help to resolve such conflicts. We argue that a key mechanism for resolving interdependent conflict, along with better sources of exogenous information, is to reduce reliance on heuristics such as stereotypes when assessing the nature of our interdependent relationships.

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Section: Resolving Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving selfish and spiteful interdependent conflict

Stewart,

Pilgrim,

Raihani

2024

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Proponents of the institutional approach to social trust are, however, more optimistic about this endeavour (e.g., Rothstein and Stolle, 2008; Freitag and Buhlmann, 2009). In the following, I briefly outline four theoretical mechanisms through which welfare states are assumed to shape people’s social trust (for a recent overview, see also Kumlin et al, 2018; Herreros, 2023).…”

Section: Theory and Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare-state selectivity, universality, and social trust in Europe, 2002–2019: Bringing deservingness back in

Mewes

2023

Journal of European Social Policy

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Social trust is a moral resource with a normatively highly desirable pay-off. Previous research argues that universal welfare state programmes ‘make’ social trust whereas means-testing programmes ‘break’ it. Despite its important implications for welfare-state design, comparative longitudinal evidence for this hypothesis is scarce. To test whether within-country changes in social trust are associated with within-country changes in total, means-tested, and non-means tested social protection expenditure, I thus merge country-year specific ESSPROS welfare spending data with cross-country survey data from 30 countries that participated in the 2002–2019 European Social Survey. Results from multilevel regression models show that neither within-country changes in total nor means-tested or non-means tested social protection expenditure predict social trust. Based on insights from the welfare deservingness literature, the second part of my analysis concentrates on welfare spending directed at two different life-course risks, with sickness representing a risk that the public widely considers to be ‘deserving’ of welfare support, and unemployment acting as an ‘undeserving’ risk. I find that, within countries over time, means-tested healthcare expenditures predict decreases in social trust, whereas non-means tested healthcare expenditure is associated with increasing social trust. My results thus lend support for the hypothesis that welfare-state selectivity and universality can contribute to the making and breaking of social trust, but only when interventions target life-course risks that the public considers ‘deserving’ of welfare state support.

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“…Corruption is not only associated with economic inequality (Dincer & Gunalp, 2012; Gupta et al., 2002), it is also often strongly associated with opacity (Andersson & Heywood, 2009; Chen & Ganapati, 2023; Kolstad & Wiig, 2009). At the same time, corruption undermines different forms of trust (Dinesen, 2013; Herreros, 2023; Uslaner, 2008), which undoubtedly provides a fertile ground for the breeding of conspiracy theories. The present contribution will examine the link between economic inequality and conspiracy beliefs in a Chinese setting, while also testing a novel explanation for this link.…”

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confidence: 99%

How does economic inequality shape conspiracy theories? Empirical evidence from China

Zeng,

Tian,

Mao

et al. 2023

British J Social Psychol

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Conspiracy theories tend to be prevalent, particularly in societies with high economic inequality. However, few studies have examined the relationship between economic inequality and belief in conspiracy theories. We propose that economic inequality leads people to believe conspiracy theories about economically advantaged groups (i.e., upwards conspiracy theories) and that moral evaluations of those groups mediate this relationship. Study 1 (N = 300) found support for these ideas in a survey among Chinese residents. Study 2 (N = 160) manipulated participants' perceptions of economic inequality in a virtual society. The manipulation shaped moral evaluations of economically advantaged groups, and conspiracy beliefs, in the predicted manner. In Study 3 (N = 191) and Study 4 (N = 210), we experimentally manipulated participants' perceptions of economic inequality in real Chinese society and replicated the results of Study 2. In addition, in Study 4, we find that economic inequality predicts belief in conspiracy theories about economically disadvantaged groups (i.e., downward conspiracy theories), which was mediated by anomie. We conclude that perceived economic inequality predicts conspiracy theories about economically advantaged groups and that moral evaluations account for this effect. Also, upward and downward conspiracy theory beliefs are associated with different psychological processes.

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The State and Trust

Cited by 6 publications

References 101 publications

Resolving selfish and spiteful interdependent conflict

Resolving selfish and spiteful interdependent conflict

Welfare-state selectivity, universality, and social trust in Europe, 2002–2019: Bringing deservingness back in

How does economic inequality shape conspiracy theories? Empirical evidence from China

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