“…Thus, teacher certification programs ought to add curriculum not only to teach preservice instructors how to use AI effectively, but also to realize the value that AI teaching assistants can bring to the teaching and learning experience (Edwards & Edwards, 2017;Edwards et al, 2018Edwards et al, , 2019. Moreover, practicing teachers must be offered ongoing training in the form of workshops, webinars, and online modules (Al-Balushi & Al-Abdali, 2015;Ramírez-Montoya et al, 2017;Tarhan, 2015). Failing to do so is essentially setting teachers up for failure, not because AI teaching assistants are ineffective, but because teachers are uninformed about pedagogical best practices in employing them as such.…”