The state of residual stress in the near surface region of homogeneous and heterogeneous materials after grinding

Hauk, Viktor; Oudelhoven, Rene W. M.; Vaessen, G. J. H.

doi:10.1007/bf02645507

Cited by 53 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Obviously the same situation arises as reported by Hauk, Oudelhoven & Vaessen (1981). The non-zero pseudo-macrostresses compensate each other in both phases.…”

Section: ) the Reuss Model Of Elasticitysupporting

confidence: 75%

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Reply to "Comment on `Residual stresses in cubic materials with orthorhombic or monoclinic specimen symmetry: influence of texture on ψ splitting and non-linear behaviour' by C.M. Brakman"

Brakman¹

1984

J Appl Cryst

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Sir, Although I gave an analysis in §9,Conclusions, of my paper (Brakman, 1983) of the possibilities and shortcomings of my theory it seems necessary to elaborate my points.First of all, it is pointed out again that my treatment is concerned with (residual) macrostresses (or what is equivalent: stresses of the first kind) in textured materials with cubic crystal symmetry. Only the influence of crystallographic texture on oscillations and splitting is studied for the case of onephase materials.(1) ai3 = 0; mechanical equilibrium, X-ray diffraction sampling

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“…Obviously the same situation arises as reported by Hauk, Oudelhoven & Vaessen (1981). The non-zero pseudo-macrostresses compensate each other in both phases.…”

Section: ) the Reuss Model Of Elasticitysupporting

confidence: 75%

“…However, these pseudo-macrostresses are not studied in my treatment, as their influence seems to be small in one-phase materials. In multi-phase materials the situation may be different as has been reported by Hauk, Oudelhoven & Vaessen (1981).…”

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confidence: 86%

Reply to "Comment on `Residual stresses in cubic materials with orthorhombic or monoclinic specimen symmetry: influence of texture on ψ splitting and non-linear behaviour' by C.M. Brakman"

Brakman¹

1984

J Appl Cryst

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“…3-4. Stress free lattice spacing, d 0 , determination [13] of the gas atomized powder is shown in Fig. 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 shows compressive stresses at the surface which approaches zero stress level at 445 µm. Little or no shear stresses were calculated for 13 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Residual Stresses in Selective Laser Melted Hastelloy X

Moverare

Brodin

2016

Residual Stresses 2016

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Abstract. 3D residual stresses in as manufactured EOS NickelAlloy HX, produced by laser powder bed additive manufacturing, are analysed on the surface closest to the build-plate. Due to the severe thermal gradient produced during the melting and solidification process, profound amounts of thermal strains are generated. Which can result in unwanted geometrical distortion and effect the mechanical properties of the manufactured component. Measurements were performed using a four-circle goniometer Seifert X-ray machine, equipped with a linear sensitive detector and a Crtube. Evaluation of the residual stresses was conducted using sin 2 ψ method of the Ni {220} diffraction peak, together with material removal technique to obtain in-depth profiles. An analysis of the material is reported. The analysis reveals unwanted residual stresses, and a complicated non-uniform grain structure containing large grains with multiple low angle grain boundaries together with nano-sized grains. Grains are to a large extent, not equiaxed, but rather elongated. IntroductionAdditive manufacturing, free form fabrication, rapid prototyping and 3D-printing are some of the different designations for processes where components can be built to finished or near-finished shape without machining a block of material or casting material in a mould [1][2][3]. The processes were primarily developed for simpler materials, such as thermoset plastics and plaster. The lasers equipment originally used could only melt materials with low melting points, for instance brass, and was not powerful enough to completely melt steel. Therefore, this manufacturing method could not meet the requirements for parts subjected to high stress levels or elevated temperatures, e.g., superalloys [4]. With time, the process control was improved and more powerful lasers were developed. With the higher input possible from a more powerful laser it is possible to create a microstructure with a low amount of porosity and no internal defects such as solidification cracks or poor bonding [5].Free-form fabrication of superalloys is gaining increased interest from the industry, since the available range of alloys is growing. Today, alloys for selective laser melting (SLM) include aluminium, titanium, tool steel, stainless steel and heat resistant materials of cobalt-and nickel-base. In the case of melting of metal powders, the dominating manufacturing process is laser melting, often denoted selective laser melting, direct laser metal sintering (DMLS) or LaserCUSING. All of these names are trademarks for different companies manufacturing equipment for laser melting.The laser melting manufacturing process can briefly be described as a layer-by layer process, where powder is distributed on a powder bed, see Fig. 1. Firstly, a powder distributer travels over the powder bed cavity contained by the build chamber walls and build plate. Molten and solidified

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“…Several authors (Hauk, Oudelhoven & Vaessen, 1981;Hauk, 1984;Stuitje, 1985) have shown the practical viability of their application. It may be expected that their use for stress analysis will increase because of the availability of synchrotron and neutron radiation and also because of the advent of the position-sensitive detector (PSD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual stress analysis using overlapping diffraction peaks. Case of textured cubic materials

Brakman¹

1987

J Appl Cryst

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Residual stresses in polycrystalline materials can be determined from the 20 shift of a reflection peak's line profile. Recently, multiple reflections have been used for residual stress analysis in single-phase textured cubic materials. Analogously, residual stresses in twophase materials could be determined from overlapping peaks of both phases. Equations are derived for residual stress analysis using partially or completely overlapping diffraction peaks. Mainly textured cubic materials are considered. It is shown that the so-called quasi-isotropic diffraction elastic constants become connected to texture-dependent quantities. In the examples treated the calculated diffraction strains of three multiple reflections exhibit only small nonlinearities although the intensities oscillate strongly.

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The state of residual stress in the near surface region of homogeneous and heterogeneous materials after grinding

Cited by 53 publications

References 4 publications

Reply to "Comment on `Residual stresses in cubic materials with orthorhombic or monoclinic specimen symmetry: influence of texture on ψ splitting and non-linear behaviour' by C.M. Brakman"

Reply to "Comment on `Residual stresses in cubic materials with orthorhombic or monoclinic specimen symmetry: influence of texture on ψ splitting and non-linear behaviour' by C.M. Brakman"

3D Residual Stresses in Selective Laser Melted Hastelloy X

Residual stress analysis using overlapping diffraction peaks. Case of textured cubic materials

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