The state of the art in the development of onboard gravity gradiometers

Evstifeev, M. I.

doi:10.1134/s2075108717010047

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In terms of differential measurements, accelerations of at least two spatially separated masses were generally used to estimate the components of the gravity gradient tensor. Depending on the accuracies of the available gradiometers, gravity gradient tensor signals can be applied in geodesy (0.01 Eötvös to 0.1 Eötvös), autonomous navigation (0.1 Eötvös to 1 Eötvös) and oilfield and mineral exploration geophysics (1 Eötvös to 10 Eötvös) (Evstifeev 2017). In exploration geophysics, the cause of the increased interest in gravity gradiometers is that, compared to gravity anomalies measured by gravimeters, gravity gradient tensor signals contain more detailed information about the subsurface structures (Chapin 1998;Nabighian et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity Gradient Tensor of Arbitrary 3D Polyhedral Bodies with up to Third-Order Polynomial Horizontal and Vertical Mass Contrasts

et al. 2018

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During the last 20 years, geophysicists have developed great interest in using gravity gradient tensor signals to study bodies of anomalous density in the Earth. Deriving exact solutions of the gravity gradient tensor signals has become a dominating task in exploration geophysics or geodetic fields. In this study, we developed a compact and simple framework to derive exact solutions of gravity gradient tensor measurements for polyhedral bodies, in which the density contrast is represented by a general polynomial function. The polynomial mass contrast can continuously vary in both horizontal and vertical directions. In our framework, the original three-dimensional volume integral of gravity gradient tensor signals is transformed into a set of one-dimensional line integrals along edges of the polyhedral body by sequentially invoking the volume and surface gradient (divergence) theorems. In terms of an orthogonal local coordinate system defined on these edges, exact solutions are derived for these line integrals. We successfully derived a set of unified exact solutions of gravity gradient tensors for constant, linear, quadratic and cubic polynomial orders. The exact solutions for constant and linear cases cover all previously published vertex-type exact solutions of the gravity gradient tensor for a polygonal body, though the associated algorithms may differ in numerical stability. In addition, to our best knowledge, it is the first time that exact solutions of gravity gradient tensor signals are * Jingtian Tang

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity Gradient Tensor of Arbitrary 3D Polyhedral Bodies with up to Third-Order Polynomial Horizontal and Vertical Mass Contrasts

et al. 2018

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“…Gravity Gradiometers (GG) used for measurements on moving objects have particular importance among these devices. The development of GG -this is one of the most difficult problems of modern instrumentation design [1,8]. Currently used GG could be divided into two types [1]: the first type is «warm» devices that operate at room temperature, constructed on the basis of rotating linear accelerometers e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the devices HD-AGG (High Definition Airborne Gravity Gradiometry) and VK1, developed by GEDEX (Gedex Systems Inc.), University of Western Australia (UWA) and the University of Maryland (UM). The record of low error in «cold» GG which is under development is focused on the achievement of error 1 Eo (Eo -Eötvös, 1Eo = 10 -9 s -2 ) at the time interval of measurement of one second and noise level of 1 Eo / Hz 1/2 in the frequency band of 0.001 to 1 Hz [ 1, 2,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the possible ways to reduce the noise in the small size GG is to develop a hybrid design in which the PM has size as large as it possible [18] with a possible weight of from 100 to 200 g. For measurements in the near-Earth space, the «hybrid» would have a mass of 1 kg, the volume of 1 dm 3 and 0,001 sensitivity Eo / Hz 1/2 . For this design to provide a measurement time of 1 s, the operating frequency should be below 0.04 Hz and the resonance frequency of 1 Hz [8,18]. At the same time, for the purpose of «planetologistik» it is sufficient to have a sensitivity of GG 1 Eo / Hz 1/2 [15,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parametric Amplification of the Signals in the Electrostatic Graviinertial Sensor

Gilavdary¹,

Mekid²,

Riznookaya³

2017

Prib. metody izmer.

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The challenges of designing simple, reliable, and high sensitivity graviinertial sensors are investigated. The sensor comprises a proof mass (PM) and is fixed with the housing by the elastic torsion suspension. PM makes small rotations under the action of gravitational forces or inertial forces.The distinctive features of the sensor are that the differential electrostatic system provides simultaneous reading of the desired signal and a control the torsional rigidity of suspension. In addition, the PM's rotational angular velocity transforms in the alternating current flowing through the capacitors. The presence of аlternating current (AC) voltage sources allows to get the parametric amplification of AC and significantly to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. In the simplest case, the sensor does not contain any feedback circuits.As an example, calculations of the micromechanical linear accelerations confirm that the periodic modulation of the coefficient of elastic stiffness of the suspension can significantly increase the sensitivity in the low frequency range, even in the absence of parametric resonance.Conditions for suppressions of background current participating in the output signal from a parametric pumping due to the asymmetry of the differential circuits are set. The frequency characteristics calculations of the sensor were carried out. It is expected, that the proposed sensor design ensures minimum noise level, which can be achievable in the graviinertial sensors. This design and the constructed theory can serve as a basis for creating a wide range of graviinertial devices operating on a movable base, for example, linear and angular accelerometer, gravity gradiometer, gravimeters, and inclinometers, which can be realized in the hybrid and in the micromechanical versions.

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“…Atom interferometry is a leading inertial-sensing technology, having demonstrated state-of-the-art gravimetry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] and gradiometry [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] measurements. Nevertheless, orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity is required for applications in navigation [15] and mineral exploration [16], as well as improved tests of the equivalence principle [17][18][19] and quantum gravity [20,21]. For the commonly-used Mach-Zehnder [i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimal matter-wave gravimetry

et al. 2018

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We calculate quantum and classical Fisher informations for gravity sensors based on matterwave interference, and find that current Mach-Zehnder interferometry is not optimally extracting the full metrological potential of these sensors. We show that by making measurements that resolve either the momentum or the position we can considerably improve the sensitivity. We also provide a simple modification that is capable of more than doubling the sensitivity. arXiv:1710.06340v3 [quant-ph]

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The state of the art in the development of onboard gravity gradiometers

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Gravity Gradient Tensor of Arbitrary 3D Polyhedral Bodies with up to Third-Order Polynomial Horizontal and Vertical Mass Contrasts

Gravity Gradient Tensor of Arbitrary 3D Polyhedral Bodies with up to Third-Order Polynomial Horizontal and Vertical Mass Contrasts

Parametric Amplification of the Signals in the Electrostatic Graviinertial Sensor

Optimal matter-wave gravimetry

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