The State of the Art of Lethal Oviposition Trap-Based Mass Interventions for Arboviral Control

Abstract

The intensifying expansion of arboviruses highlights the need for effective invasive Aedes control. While mass-trapping interventions have long been discredited as inefficient compared to insecticide applications, increasing levels of insecticide resistance, and the development of simple affordable traps that target and kill gravid female mosquitoes, show great promise. We summarize the methodologies and outcomes of recent lethal oviposition trap-based mass interventions for suppression of urban Aedes and their associated diseases. The evidence supports the recommendation of mass deployments of oviposition traps to suppress populations of invasive Aedes, although better measures of the effects on disease control are needed. Strategies associated with successful mass-trap deployments include: (1) high coverage (>80%) of the residential areas; (2) pre-intervention and/or parallel source reduction campaigns; (3) direct involvement of community members for economic long-term sustainability; and (4) use of new-generation larger traps (Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap, AGO; Gravid Aedes Trap, GAT) to outcompete remaining water-holding containers. While to the best of our knowledge all published studies so far have been on Ae. aegypti in resource-poor or tropical settings, we propose that mass deployment of lethal oviposition traps can be used for focused cost-effective control of temperate Ae. albopictus pre-empting arboviral epidemics and increasing participation of residents in urban mosquito control.

A comparative assessment of adult mosquito trapping methods to estimate spatial patterns of abundance and community composition in southern Africa

“…This approach is a better approximation to how the traps would be deployed for surveillance compared to targeting only sites with high numbers of mosquitoes. Despite this, the CDC trap collected 7.4 females per night while the net trap collected 8.6 females per night, similar to previous collection efforts in KNP that report aggregated data, with a median of 31 (range 17-116) females across three net traps and a median of 19 (range [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] in three CDC traps [15]. Based on this data, the consistent patterns of community composition and largely consistent patterns of abundance between traps suggest that comparisons between studies using these two methods are possible.…”

“…aegypti and Ae. albopictus [32,33]. Gravid mosquitoes are more likely to be carrying pathogens, making the GAT trap potentially useful for pathogen surveillance or for joint pathogen and entomological surveillance efforts when used in combination with other traps.…”

Simulação de Aplicação de Armadilhas no Combate ao Aedes aegypti

“…A incidência de Dengue, por exemplo, aumentou 30 vezes com o crescimento da expansão geográfica para novos países. Estima-se que 50 milhões de casos de Dengue ocorrem anualmente e aproximadamente 2,5 bilhões de pessoas vivem em países endêmicos para Dengue [Sivagnaname et al 2012, Johnson et al 2017. O controle vetorial tem sido considerado um importante aliado na prevenção e controle das infecções.…”

“…Algumas novas e promissoras ferramentas de controle de vetores são objeto de pesquisa e atualmente estão sendo testadas em campo para seu uso em intervenções de saúde pública. Dentre essas ferramentas, destacam-se os materiais tratados com insecticida (ITMs), que consistem em redes insecticidas de longa duração, cortinas e tapeçarias; e as armadilhas de oviposição letais (ovitraps), que atraem e matam as fêmeas que realizam a oviposição no local, assim como seus descendentes que ficam presos na armadilha [Lok et al 1977, Johnson et al 2017. Essas armadilhas necessitam de visitas periódicas dos agentes de saúde para a contagem manual dos vetores.…”

“…O aparecimento e o ressurgimento dessas doenças arbovirais transmitidas pelo Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus continuam a ser uma grande ameaça nos trópicos e subtrópicos [Braga andValle 2007, Sivagnaname et al 2012]. Um dos desafios que o Brasil enfrenta atualmenteé a vigilância epidemiológica para reconhecer precocementeáreas com transmissão de doenças e minimizar o impacto na população [Vasconcelos 2015, Johnson et al 2017, uma vez que a associação entre osíndices atualmente utilizados e a transmissão dessas doenças não têm provado ser satisfatoriamente preditivas das epidemias [Sivagnaname et al 2012].…”