The state of the art in the electron beam manufacturing processes

Kim, Ji-Soo; Lee, Woojin; Park, Hyung Wook

doi:10.1007/s12541-016-0184-8

Cited by 38 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The most relevant categories in which there are technologies that process metallic materials are category 5 called "powder bed fusion," that is, selective laser sintering (SLS), selective laser melting (SLM), and electron beam melting (EBM) technologies and category 7 called "direct energy deposition," that is, laser engineered net shaping (LENS) technology, also known as direct metal deposition (DMD), direct laser deposition (DLD), and additive laser manufacturing (ALM). For the fabrication of metal components, of medium and small dimensions, the most used technologies to date are SLM and EBM [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. For both technologies, manufacturing has, as its starting point, metallic powders that are characterized on the basis of shape (circularity) and particle size distribution by using image analysis and laser diffraction [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser polishing: a review of a constantly growing technology in the surface finishing of components made by additive manufacturing

Gisario

Barletta

Veniali

2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Additive manufacturing is a vanguard production technology that has contributed greatly to speed up replacing on the market of complex-shaped components. A delicate and unavoidable phase of additive technology is that relating to the post-processing of the components, especially the finishing process. Post-processing needs to be automated and made scalable so that the technology can actually be adopted also for mass production. In this respect, an emerging post-processing technology suitable for surface finishing, not in contact and easily automatable, is the one that involves the use of laser sources, known by the name of laser polishing. Laser polishing is spreading, in fact, more and more strongly, in the field of manufacturing as a valid alternative to conventional technologies for the surface finishing of metallic components obtained by additive processes. Laser polishing is widely considered very suitable to improving the surface finish of metal components. When compared with the conventional finishing technologies, laser polishing has many benefits in terms of costs and process times especially if automated, through the use of CNC systems and scanning heads. In this manuscript, the knowledge of this technology is deepened through a review of the relevant literature that highlights the aspects of the interaction of the laser beam with the metal alloys most frequently used in 3D printing, without neglecting the importance of the thermo-mechanical properties that derive from it. The analysis conducted on the technology of laser polishing aims therefore at evaluating the potential applications in industrial engineering, mainly with regard to the surfaces quality achievable as a result of the polishing of metal components fabricated by additive manufacturing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser polishing: a review of a constantly growing technology in the surface finishing of components made by additive manufacturing

Gisario

Barletta

Veniali

2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…The LPEB irradiation can induce a rapid thermal gradient with a few microseconds pulse duration on the Cu film surface. During repeated irradiation, the surface of Cu film melted and resolidified. ,,, Electrons were accelerated through electric and magnetic fields induced by the solenoid between the cathode and anode. Abundant anions and electrons were generated when the electron cloud induced numerous ion–electron collisions near the anode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study introduces a novel sintering technique for metallic NPs using large pulsed electron beam (LPEB) irradiation. The LPEB has been adopted not only for modifying the surfaces of a variety of metals and alloys but also for improving mechanical and chemical properties, , welding silver nanowires, and additive manufacturing. , However, a few studies investigating the sintering process of metallic NP inks using electron beam irradiation have been reported. In our approach, a formic-acid-treated CuNP ink (F-Cu ink) was sintered using the LPEB irradiation to enhance the thermal oxidation resistance of the CuNP-based electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep-Sintered Copper Tracks for Thermal Oxidation Resistance Using Large Pulsed Electron Beam

et al. 2021

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Thermal oxidation resistance is an important property in printed electronics for sustaining electrical conductivity for long time and/or under harsh environments such as high temperature. This study reports the fabrication of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs)-based conductive tracks using large pulsed electron beam (LPEB) by irradiation on CuNPs to be sintered. With an acceleration voltage of 11 kV, the LPEB irradiation induced deep-sintering of CuNPs so that the sintered CuNPs exhibited bulk-like electrical conductivity. Consequently, the sintered Cu tracks maintained high electrical conductivity at 220 °C without using any thermal oxidation protection additive, such as silver, carbon nanotube, and graphene. In contrast, the films irradiated with an acceleration voltage of 8 kV and irradiated by intense pulsed light (IPL) showed fast oxidation characteristics and a corresponding reduction of electrical conductivities under high temperatures owing to a thin sintered layer. The performance of highly thermal oxidation-resistant Cu films sintered by LPEB irradiations was demonstrated through the device performance of a Joule heater.

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“…The CNF-PS fabrication is not easy since the CNF film is flexible, and the pinhole depth should be less than a micron. Several methods can be attempted to pattern PS on the flexible CNF film, for example, chemical etching, laser-induced patterning, embossing, hot pressing, and micro imprinting methods [27][28][29][30][31]. However, etching can induce wrinkles, and laser-induced patterning on a cellulose film may not be easy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent and Flexible Photon Sieve Made with Cellulose Nanofiber by Micro-Nano Structure Molding

Zhai

Panicker

Kim

et al. 2021

Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech.

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Conventionally, the photon sieve (PS) was made of chrome-coated fused silica and quartz plates. However, fused silica and quartz plates have a size limitation due to their weight and fragility. A membrane PS is attractive since it is lightweight, large size, flexibility and deployable. This paper demonstrates the new concept of membrane PS based on cellulose nanofiber (CNF). The CNF-based PS (CNF-PS) is transparent, flexible, lightweight, and has high strength and toughness. This study highlights the PS fabrication on a CNF film using a micro-nano structure molding technique and its structural stability in an external environmental change. For the first time in literature, through a high vacuum (5 × 10 -8 Torr) environment test, it was shown that CNF has emerged as a promising optical material. Furthermore, the prepared CNF-PS exhibited high beam quality. This study explained the complete research strategy from the isolation of cellulose nanofibers to its PS application. The new concept of CNF-PS will accelerate its broad application to thin and compact photonic devices.

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The state of the art in the electron beam manufacturing processes

Cited by 38 publications

References 91 publications

Laser polishing: a review of a constantly growing technology in the surface finishing of components made by additive manufacturing

Laser polishing: a review of a constantly growing technology in the surface finishing of components made by additive manufacturing

Deep-Sintered Copper Tracks for Thermal Oxidation Resistance Using Large Pulsed Electron Beam

Transparent and Flexible Photon Sieve Made with Cellulose Nanofiber by Micro-Nano Structure Molding

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