The state of the Dutch larger moth fauna

Groenendijk, Dick; Ellis, Willem N.

doi:10.1007/s10841-010-9326-y

Cited by 80 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The monitoring of species was partially done with a citizen-sciencebased approach and automated where possible, and all methods were standardized [38,39]. Not all data are available yet; neither do we have data for the entire span of 4 years for all species groups.…”

Section: (B) Species Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental illumination of natural habitat—an experimental set-up to assess the direct and indirect ecological consequences of artificial light of different spectral composition

Spoelstra

Grunsven

Donners

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

133

149

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Artificial night-time illumination of natural habitats has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Generally, studies that assess the impact of artificial light on various species in the wild make use of existing illumination and are therefore correlative. Moreover, studies mostly focus on short-term consequences at the individual level, rather than long-term consequences at the population and community level—thereby ignoring possible unknown cascading effects in ecosystems. The recent change to LED lighting has opened up the exciting possibility to use light with a custom spectral composition, thereby potentially reducing the negative impact of artificial light. We describe here a large-scale, ecosystem-wide study where we experimentally illuminate forest-edge habitat with different spectral composition, replicated eight times. Monitoring of species is being performed according to rigid protocols, in part using a citizen-science-based approach, and automated where possible. Simultaneously, we specifically look at alterations in behaviour, such as changes in activity, and daily and seasonal timing. In our set-up, we have so far observed that experimental lights facilitate foraging activity of pipistrelle bats, suppress activity of wood mice and have effects on birds at the community level, which vary with spectral composition. Thus far, we have not observed effects on moth populations, but these and many other effects may surface only after a longer period of time.

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Section: (B) Species Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental illumination of natural habitat—an experimental set-up to assess the direct and indirect ecological consequences of artificial light of different spectral composition

Spoelstra

Grunsven

Donners

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

133

149

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“…Owing to phototaxis, artificial light is considered as one of the driving forces behind observed moth population declines in strongly illuminated countries [4,7]. Moths have important functional roles in food webs, as bulk-food for many birds and bats, as herbivores and as pollinators [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial night lighting inhibits feeding in moths

et al. 2017

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One major, yet poorly studied, change in the environment is nocturnal light pollution, which strongly alters habitats of nocturnally active species. Artificial night lighting is often considered as driving force behind rapid moth population declines in severely illuminated countries. To understand these declines, the question remains whether artificial light causes only increased mortality or also sublethal effects. We show that moths subjected to artificial night lighting spend less time feeding than moths in darkness, with the shortest time under light conditions rich in short wavelength radiation. These findings provide evidence for sublethal effects contributing to moth population declines. Because effects are strong under various types of light compared with dark conditions, the potential of spectral alterations as a conservation tool may be overestimated. Therefore, restoration and maintenance of darkness in illuminated areas is essential for reversing declines of moth populations.

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“…Effects are expected to be more pronounced under green and white light (both containing short wavelengths), than under red light (comprising mainly long wavelength radiation). Insight in moth life-history under artificial night light with different spectral compositions may contribute to identification of mitigation opportunities, which are urgently needed given the rapid declines in moth populations in Western Europe, and the potential role of artificial light in this (New 2004;Conrad et al 2006;Groenendijk and Ellis 2011;Fox 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial light at night causes diapause inhibition and sex‐specific life history changes in a moth

Geffen

Grunsven

Ruijven

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

161

107

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Rapidly increasing levels of light pollution subject nocturnal organisms to major alterations of their habitat, the ecological consequences of which are largely unknown. Moths are well-known to be attracted to light at night, but effects of light on other aspects of moth ecology, such as larval development and life-history, remain unknown. Such effects may have important consequences for fitness and thus for moth population sizes. To study the effects of artificial night lighting on development and life-history of moths, we experimentally subjected Mamestra brassicae (Noctuidae) caterpillars to low intensity green, white, red or no artificial light at night and determined their growth rate, maximum caterpillar mass, age at pupation, pupal mass and pupation duration. We found sex-specific effects of artificial light on caterpillar life-history, with male caterpillars subjected to green and white light reaching a lower maximum mass, pupating earlier and obtaining a lower pupal mass than male caterpillars under red light or in darkness. These effects can have major implications for fitness, but were absent in female caterpillars. Moreover, by the time that the first adult moth from the dark control treatment emerged from its pupa (after 110 days), about 85% of the moths that were under green light and 83% of the moths that were under white light had already emerged. These differences in pupation duration occurred in both sexes and were highly significant, and likely result from diapause inhibition by artificial night lighting. We conclude that low levels of nocturnal illumination can disrupt life-histories in moths and inhibit the initiation of pupal diapause. This may result in reduced fitness and increased mortality. The application of red light, instead of white or green light, might be an appropriate measure to mitigate negative artificial light effects on moth life history.

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The state of the Dutch larger moth fauna

Cited by 80 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental illumination of natural habitat—an experimental set-up to assess the direct and indirect ecological consequences of artificial light of different spectral composition

Experimental illumination of natural habitat—an experimental set-up to assess the direct and indirect ecological consequences of artificial light of different spectral composition

Artificial night lighting inhibits feeding in moths

Artificial light at night causes diapause inhibition and sex‐specific life history changes in a moth

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