The state of the Russian grain market

Abstract

Grain production determines the stable functioning of the food market and the economic security of Russia. The authors present an assessment of the results of the analysis of the cultivation and sale of grain crops in the Russian Federation, show the dynamics of the Russian grain market and determine the prospects for its development in comparison with world grain producers. A decrease in the dependence of this market on the negative impact of external factors was revealed. It is noted that the domestic demand for grain crops tends to decrease, while the export remains at a high level. In this regard, the role of grain as a strategic export commodity for the Russian Federation is increasing, which has a significant impact on the economy as a whole and the budget of the Russian Federation in particular. At the same time, the Government of the Russian Federation uses various mechanisms for regulating prices for grain crops, such as curbing grain exports with tariff quotas. The article also presents data on the volume of world grain production over the past ten years, analyzes the structure of production by types of grain crops. Based on the given forecasts of the FAO and the International Grain Council (IGC) regarding the production and consumption of cereals in the world in the next two years, the authors assume an increase in the export potential of Russia, primarily wheat. The study used general logical methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction.

Scientific rationale for reducing the negative impact on the environment of grain processing industries through the rational use of secondary raw materials

“…The raw material for deep processing can be grain of wheat, barley, rye, oats, peas and other agricultural crops. The grain yield in Russia is about 100-130 million tons [12]. At the same time, only about 2.5 million tons of raw materials are sent for deep processing annually [13].…”

In vitro evaluation of effect of new fungicides against yellow spot (pyrenophora tritici-repentis) of wheat

“…Wheat plays a crucial role in Russian economy and it is the main grain crop, accounting for more than 60% of total grain production [1,2]. In all wheat crops, the share of winter wheat is about 58% and spring wheat -42% [1].…”

“…Wheat plays a crucial role in Russian economy and it is the main grain crop, accounting for more than 60% of total grain production [1,2]. In all wheat crops, the share of winter wheat is about 58% and spring wheat -42% [1]. On the regional part, Krasnodar region, Rostov region, Stavropol region, Volgograd region, Voronezh region, Saratov region, Kursk region, Altai region, Tatarstan, and Bashkiria are the main regions for wheat sowing.…”

“…One of the biotic factors is yellow spot caused by the necrotrophic fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (anamorph: Drechslera tritici-repentis), which in recent decades has become increasingly common on wheat crops in various regions of Russia, including the Rostov region and the Republic of Dagestan. This disease can lead to the loss of more than 20% of the crops per year [1,6]. This The cause of the increase is believed to be due to climate change, cropping practices, and the development of susceptible varieties [7,8].…”