The State of the Science of Employment and Economic Self-Sufficiency for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Nord, Derek; Luecking, Richard; Mank, David; Kiernan, William E.; Wray, Christina

doi:10.1352/1934-9556-51.5.376

Cited by 55 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The U.S. Department of Labor estimates that the civilian labor force participation in the United States is approximately 63.2% as of March 2014. The more current Oklahoma data (2004 and 2009) are below the national figures, a finding consistent with other reports of the employment opportunities for persons with disabilities (Nord, Luecking, Mank, Kiernan, & Wray, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Longitudinal Investigation of Vocational Engagement

Spreat¹,

Conroy

2015

Policy Practice Intel Disabi

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The vocational engagement of 216 individuals with an intellectual disability was followed over a 15-year period. Engagement was operationally defined as activity in five simple categories: competitive, supported, or sheltered employment, plus prevocational and nonvocational daytime activities. Authors sought a long-term view of trends in vocational and nonvocational engagement among all people who were receiving residential and day supports in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and for whom data collection visits had been conducted during the entire 15-year period. This was intended to assess what progress toward eventual employment has been made over the past two decades, and this information was aimed toward policy initiatives related to Employment First models. Authors selected all people for whom on-site quality-of-life data were collected continuously from 1994 to 2009. Their primary types of daytime activities were reported, and the number of hours in each type were submitted to analysis. The overall amount of vocational, prevocational, and nonvocational activities changed sharply during the 15-year period. Vocational and prevocational activity declined, while nonvocational engagement more than doubled, both in numbers of people and hours. During the same time period, the number of employed individuals consistently declined, as did the total number of hours worked. The decline was primarily evident in segregated forms of vocational activity, such as sheltered workshops and prevocational activities. There was no collateral increase in the use of more integrated forms of employment. Age did not appear to be a factor in this decline. The current emphasis on Employment First models would seem to be justified in view of this sample's longitudinal engagement outcomes. However, this analysis was done in only one state, and results must be compared and contrasted to those in other states.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Longitudinal Investigation of Vocational Engagement

Spreat¹,

Conroy

2015

Policy Practice Intel Disabi

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“…They also provide supported employment programs to help individuals with disabilities find and maintain competitive jobs of their choice that provide the same work settings and same pay rates enjoyed by persons without disabilities. They become more independent, self-supporting, and more thoroughly integrated into their communities [6]. Data analysis confirms for us that a relatively small group of Medicaid beneficiaries with MH/SUD/IDD service needs account for a disproportionately large amount of Medicaid spending.…”

Section: Enhancing Care For Persons With Smi Sud and Iddsupporting

confidence: 55%

Tailored Plans

Robinson¹,

Silberman²,

Binanay

2019

North Carolina Medical Journal

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“…Social, cultural, and political practices may all influence this finding. One significant barrier continues to be the financial incentives to earn a lower wage to qualify for benefits such as Medicaid or Social Security Income (SSI; Butterworth et al, 2015;Nord, Luecking, Mank, Kiernan, & Wray, 2013). In their national report on employment services and outcomes, Butterworth et al (2015) found that employment for individuals with disabilities receiving SSI reached a 20-year low in 2013 (4.3%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%