The static examination of children and young adults with cerebral palsy in the gait analysis laboratory: technique and observer agreement

Keenan, W. Nigel; Rodda, Jill; Wolfe, Rory; Roberts, Sam; Borton, D.; Graham, H Kerr

doi:10.1097/01202412-200401000-00001

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…18 Selective motor control and muscle strength were recorded according to previously described techniques. 19,20 Measurements of femoral torsion (femoral neck anteversion, FNA) were made as described by Ruwe et al 21 and foot position by thigh foot angle, as described by Staheli.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transfer of rectus femoris to semitendinosis was performed for symptomatic stiff-knee gait if the kinematics in the swing phase showed a reduction and delay in peak knee flexion and the prone rectus femoris test was positive. 31 Lengthening of the psoas over the brim of the pelvis, as described by Sutherland et al 32 was performed for excessive hip flexion during gait and if Thomas's test, as described in Keenan et al, 18 indicated a flexion contracture of the hip of more than 20˚. Percutaneous or open lengthening of adductor longus was performed if hip abduction in flexion was reduced by more than 20˚ on the affected side, compared with the unaffected side and if the hip radiograph showed hip dysplasia or subluxation.…”

Section: The Journal Of Bone and Joint Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multilevel orthopaedic surgery in group IV spastic hemiplegia

Dobson

Graham

Baker

et al. 2005

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most children with spastic hemiplegia have high levels of function and independence but fixed deformities and gait abnormalities are common. The classification proposed by Winters et al is widely used to interpret hemiplegic gait patterns and plan intervention. However, this classification is based on sagittal kinematics and fails to consider important abnormalities in the transverse plane. Using three-dimensional gait analysis, we studied the incidence of transverse-plane deformity and gait abnormality in 17 children with group IV hemiplegia according to Winters et al before and after multilevel orthopaedic surgery. We found that internal rotation of the hip and pelvic retraction were consistent abnormalities of gait in group-IV hemiplegia. A programme of multilevel surgery resulted in predictable improvement in gait and posture, including pelvic retraction. In group IV hemiplegia pelvic retraction appeared in part to be a compensating mechanism to control foot progression in the presence of medial femoral torsion. Correction of this torsion can improve gait symmetry and function.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Journal Of Bone and Joint Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel orthopaedic surgery in group IV spastic hemiplegia

Dobson

Graham

Baker

et al. 2005

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4,6,9,11,12 The principal weakness of the study was the lack of kinematic data. Instrumented gait analysis requires a significant degree of cooperation from the patient for 2 to 3 hours.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliability of this classification of sagittal gait patterns in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy has been established based on either sagittal kinematics or VGA. 4 A standardized physical examination 6 was conducted to assess joint range, muscle length, bony rotational alignment, muscle tone, 7 spasticity, and ligamentous integrity. 8 Foot posture was classified as within normal limits, mild indicating pes planus, or moderate to severe signifying pes planus with abductus and valgus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Gait Deterioration in Adolescents With Dravet Syndrome

Rodda¹,

Scheffer²,

McMahon³

et al. 2012

Arch Neurol

Self Cite

105

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Range of motion was recorded every 3 months for 12 months, and yearly thereafter, using a plastic goniometer and standardized protocols previously described [13]. Hip development was monitored by measuring MP as described by Reimers: a vertical line is drawn from the lateral edge of the acetabulum perpendicular to a horizontal line connecting both triradiate cartilages to the pelvis.…”

Section: Operative Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Adductor release and chemodenervation in children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study in 16 children

Khot

Sloan

Desai

et al. 2008

Journal of Children's Orthopaedics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose A pilot study with short-term outcomes of a combined surgical and medical intervention for management of generalized lower limb spasticity, hip displacement and contractures of adductors in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Methods A prospective cohort study of 16 children (9 boys and 7 girls) aged 2-6 years with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy was performed. At entry, 5 were classified as level III and 11 as level IV, according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The intervention consisted of surgical lengthening of adductor longus and gracilis combined with the phenolization of the anterior branch of the obturator nerve, using 1 ml of 6% phenol, applied under direct vision at the time of lengthening of adductor longus. The hamstring and calf muscles were each injected with Botulinum neurotoxin A at a dose of 4 U/kg/muscle. Serial clinical (hip, knee, ankle joint range of motion), radiographic (migration percentage) and functional data-taken from a functional mobility scale (FMS) or GMFCS-were collected at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-operatively.

show abstract

The static examination of children and young adults with cerebral palsy in the gait analysis laboratory: technique and observer agreement

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Multilevel orthopaedic surgery in group IV spastic hemiplegia

Multilevel orthopaedic surgery in group IV spastic hemiplegia

Progressive Gait Deterioration in Adolescents With Dravet Syndrome

Adductor release and chemodenervation in children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study in 16 children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About