The status and development proposal of carbon sources and sinks monitoring satellite system

Abstract

In order to mitigate global warming, the international communities actively explore low-carbon and green development methods. According to the Paris Agreement that came into effect in 2016, there will be a global stocktaking plan to carry out every 5 years from 2023 onwards. In September 2020, China proposed a "double carbon" target of carbon peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060. Achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals requires accurate carbon emissions and carbon absorptions. China's existing carbon monitoring methods have insufficient detection accuracy, low spatial resolution, and narrow swath, which are difficult to meet the monitoring requirement of carbon sources and sinks monitoring. In order to meet the needs of carbon stocktaking and support the monitoring and supervision of carbon sources and sinks, it is recommended to make full use of the foundation of the existing satellites, improve the detection technical specifications of carbon sources and sinks monitoring measures, and build a multi-means and comprehensive, LEO-GEO orbit carbon monitoring satellite system to achieve higher precision, higher resolution and multi-dimensional carbon monitoring. On this basis, it is recommended to strengthen international cooperation, improve data sharing policy, actively participate in the development of carbon retrieval algorithm and the setting of international carbon monitoring standards, establish an independent and controllable global carbon monitoring and evaluation system, and contribute China's strength to the global realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.

Seasonal and Diurnal Variations in XCO2 Characteristics in China as Observed by OCO‐2/3 Satellites: Effects of Land Cover and Local Meteorology

“…Ground‐based measurements have the advantages of high accuracy and reliability. However, the limited number and sparse spatial distribution of ground‐based observation sites make it difficult to determine CO 2 characteristics and carbon source–sink dynamics on large regional scales (Meng et al., 2022; Scholes et al., 2009). Recently, several carbon‐monitoring satellites offering notable advantages in terms of spatial coverage and repeatable observations have been launched to collect data on global atmospheric CO 2 concentrations (Sellers et al., 2018).…”

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Spectral Calibration Light Source on Spectral Radiance Acquired by the Greenhouse-Gases Absorption Spectrometer-2 (GAS-2)

“…They can detect the concentration of greenhouse gases with high accuracy, such as an OCO-2 detection accuracy of 1 ppm [15]. In the second category, there are active lidar detectors, such as ASCENDS, A-SCOPE, and DQ-1 [16,17]. Passive satellite-based atmospheric CO 2 monitoring mainly employs the theory of atmospheric radiative transfer [18].…”

Assessment of the Influence of Instrument Parameters on the Detection Accuracy of Greenhouse-Gases Absorption Spectrometer-2 (GAS-2)

“…The remote sensor then receives and records the electromagnetic waves reflected from the target, enabling the retrieval of concentration information regarding the target gas based on its distinctive characteristics. DQ-1, launched in 2022 [18], represents the world's first active greenhouse gas remote-sensing satellite currently deployed in polar orbit. Additionally, there are planned active detection payloads under development, such as ASCENDS and A-SCOPE [19,20].…”