The status of citrus Huanglongbing in China

Zhou, Changyong

doi:10.1007/s40858-020-00363-8

Cited by 65 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Major obstacles in citrus tree development include weather conditions and disease epidemics. In particular, following its emergence, citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease has become the primary threat to citrus production in majority of the main global citrusproducing areas, including Brazil, the USA, and China [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances and Challenges in RNA Interference Technology for Citrus Huanglongbing Vector Control

Marques¹,

Angelotti-Mendonça

Roberto

2021

Horticulturae

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Citrus species, including sweet oranges, grapefruits, pomelos, and lemons, are the most widely cultivated trees and consumed fruits worldwide. In citrus orchard management, the control of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease and its insect vector Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid, ACP) represents a major global challenge. Consumers have been increasingly pushing the citrus production chain toward a more sustainable system, including stringent measures to prevent the use of chemical pesticides. In recent years, biotechnological advances have offered safe and environmentally friendly alternatives for crop production. Technologies such as RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing have emerged as innovative tools for agricultural pest management. Here, we provide an overview of RNAi as a promising approach for ACP control and discuss the associated challenges. Despite the availability of specific silencing sequences aimed at a target gene of the insect pest, the uptake of double-stranded RNA is limited in hemipteran insects. In this context, improved delivery methods, stability maintenance, and RNAi response are considered the factors contributing to the increased effectiveness of exogenous RNAi against hemipteran pests. These approaches can serve as potential tools for efficient ACP control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the plant, the bacterium is restricted to the phloem and cannot be cultured in artificial media. Moreover, there are no effective tools to control the spread of the insect vector and no commercial citrus varieties resistant to HLB have been developed to date, which further hamper disease control [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Challenges in RNA Interference Technology for Citrus Huanglongbing Vector Control

Marques¹,

Angelotti-Mendonça

Roberto

2021

Horticulturae

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“…In Brazil, citrus canker and also citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) contribute to impact citrus production due to yield losses and increase in productions costs (Coletta Filho et al 2020). Finally, greening or HLB (huanglongbing) is currently the main threat to citrus production in the main citrus producing areas around the world including Brazil, USA, and China (Bassanezi et al 2020;Zhou 2020;Graham et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global orange juice market: a 16-year summary and opportunities for creating value

Neves

Trombin²,

Marques³

et al. 2020

Trop. plant pathol.

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Product and byproducts of the citrus industry are destined mainly for export and they play a significant role in the Brazilian economy. The major threats to citrus production and business include weather conditions (abiotic stress) and plant disease epidemics (biotic stress), especially bacterial diseases. Historical examples of devastating bacterial diseases that have shaped and changed radically citrus production are found in many countries. It is important for citrus pathologists to become aware of the dimension of citrus business in terms of the global demand and consumption. For such, we gathered data from several sources and calculated the global consumption of Frozen Concentrate Orange Juice (FCOJ) 66°Brix equivalent, the main citrus industry product. A historical analysis of the 16 years (2013 to 2018) of the global consumption including total and per capita consumption of FCOJ was conducted. In addition, we summarized the consumer preferences regarding 100% juices, nectars, and juice drinks in the main market worldwide. The data depict the dynamics of consumption and the trends that drive consumer behavior in the food and fruit beverage market. We find that, despite a growth of 23.7% in the consumption of industrialized fruit drinks during the period, the consumption of 100% orange juice declined 22.78%. The drop in consumption of FCOJ has been accentuated in developed economies, such as Germany (− 44.75%), USA (− 42.41%), UK (− 26.80%), and France (− 14.34%). On the other hand, emerging economies have increased their consumption of FCOJ, as evidenced by BRICs plus Mexico (+ 75.52%). Food and beverage trends are leading different behaviors in the demand of orange juice globally, which tends to stabilize the global market. With this in mind, pathologists play a fundamental role in citrus chain, in order to guarantee that citrus suppliers continue providing good quality fruits to the industry and overcome the challenges of bacterial diseases.

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“…HLB has spread rapidly and severely affected the healthy development of sustainable citrus production. To make matters worse, HLB almost destroyed Florida’s citrus industry, and most citrus-producing regions of the world also suffered a massive blow [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for HLB [ 1 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make matters worse, HLB almost destroyed Florida’s citrus industry, and most citrus-producing regions of the world also suffered a massive blow [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for HLB [ 1 , 3 ]. The ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a notorious pest of citrus plants belonging to the Rutaceae family [ 5 ], whose entire developmental stages (except for the egg stage) require it feeding on the sap of citrus trees, resulting in stunted shoots and withered branches, and even dieback [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Assessment of Candidate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies Using RT-qPCR in Tamarixia radiata, a Predominant Parasitoid of Diaphorina citri

Guo

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2020

Genes

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Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) is a predominant parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), a destructive citrus pest and vector of huanglongbing (HLB) disease in the fields of southern China. To explore the functioning of target genes in T. radiata, the screening of specific reference genes is critical for carrying out the reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) under different experimental conditions. However, no reference gene(s) for T. radiata has yet been reported. Here, we selected seven housekeeping genes of T. radiate and evaluated their stability under the six conditions (developmental stage, sex, tissue, population, temperature, diet) by using RefFinder software, which contains four different programs (geNorm, ΔCt, BestKeeper, and NormFinder). Pairwise variation was analyzed by geNorm software to determine the optimal number of reference genes during the RT-qPCR analysis. The results reveal better reference genes for differing research foci: 18S and EF1A for the developmental stage; PRS18 and EF1A for sex, PRS18 and RPL13 for different tissues (head, thorax, abdomen); EF1A and ArgK between two populations; β-tubulin and EF1A for different temperatures (5, 15, 25, 35 °C); and ArgK and PRS18 for different feeding diets. Furthermore, when the two optimal and two most inappropriate reference genes were chosen in different temperatures and tissue treatments, respectively, the corresponding expression patterns of HSP70 (as the reporter gene) differed substantially. Our study provides, for the first time, a more comprehensive list of optimal reference genes from T. radiata for use in RT-qPCR analysis, which should prove beneficial for subsequent functional investigations of target gene(s) in this natural enemy of ACP.

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The status of citrus Huanglongbing in China

Cited by 65 publications

References 33 publications

Advances and Challenges in RNA Interference Technology for Citrus Huanglongbing Vector Control

Advances and Challenges in RNA Interference Technology for Citrus Huanglongbing Vector Control

Global orange juice market: a 16-year summary and opportunities for creating value

Comprehensive Assessment of Candidate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies Using RT-qPCR in Tamarixia radiata, a Predominant Parasitoid of Diaphorina citri

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