The Status of Current Knowledge, Distribution, and Conservation Challenges of Wetland Ecosystems in Kashmir Himalaya, India

Dar, Shahid Ahmad; Bhat, Sami Ullah; Rashid, Irfan

doi:10.1002/9781119692621.ch10

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The H/V curves with fuzzy and indistinct low-frequency peaks (<1 Hz) were found over and near the wetland areas of the valley (Figure 9e). Kashmir valley harbors a chain of wetland at distinct location (Dar et al, 2021). This particular ULF HVSR pattern over wetland areas validates the HVSR observation made near a shoreline.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site response analysis beneath the Kashmir basin (NW Himalaya) using ambient noise

Gupta,

Parvez,

Khan

2023

Earthquake Spectra

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Deep sedimentary valleys entrap and amplify seismic waves, which is further responsible for site-specific amplification over the allied region. Kashmir valley is a deep and active sedimentary basin in the northwest portion of the Himalayan lap. To characterize the site response for the intermountain Kashmir valley for the first time, we acquire single station microtremor measurements using Lennartz (three components/5s seismometer) at 141 sites with a grid of (5 km × 5 km) and two-dimensional (2D) array measurements using seven units of recording station of different geometry pattern at 38 sites across different lithological setup within the basin. We present here (1) a first-order predominant fundamental frequency (0.21–10.19 Hz) and subsequent sedimentary thickness maps for the entire valley, reflecting deep deposition with spatial heterogeneity in the area using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique; (2) spatial classification of generated HVSR curves linking subsurface geomorphology and post strong ground-motion scenario in the valley; (3) extraction of the best dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh waves (fundamental mode) from all recorded vertical signals at each array site using frequency–wavenumber (F-K) method with an emphasis on signal synchronicity; and (4) retrieval of one-dimensional (1D) shear wave velocity ( VS) profiles across the valley from the inversion of dispersion curves using the neighborhood algorithm. Distinct model parameterizations were tested for the inversion to achieve the optimal inversion misfit. The collocated 1D VS profiles are consistent with newly drilled borehole logs information. Besides, the presented first-ever ambient noise survey–based site response study meets the objectives of site-specific seismic hazard and risk analysis of the Kashmir valley at the regional scale.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site response analysis beneath the Kashmir basin (NW Himalaya) using ambient noise

Gupta,

Parvez,

Khan

2023

Earthquake Spectra

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“…The Kashmir valley is one of the three parts of the old state of Jammu and Kashmir that are separated by the Himalayas. People believe that these divisions are like a three-story building, with the semiclosed ecosystem of the Kashmir valley in the middle (Raza, et al, 1978;Dar, 2017;Khan, 2007). The Greater Himalayas to the Northeast and the Lesser Himalayas (Pir Panjal range) to the Southwest make up the borders of the Kashmir valley, which is a mountain basin (Romshoo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing Climate Change Manifestations Through People's Perception in Kashmir Valley, India.

Parrey,

Shah,

Bhat

2024

JAZ

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The Kashmir Himalayas, a fragile mountainous, region, are experiencing the adverse effects of climate change, including rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and extreme weather events. This study, based on primary data from 384 respondents in the Kashmir Valley, assesses people's perceptions of climate change impacts, particularly on temperature, precipitation, extreme weather events, and agriculture. Results indicate that 57% of respondents observe a decline in rainfall, 75% note a significant reduction in snowfall, and almost 60% perceive a decrease in stream discharge. Additionally, 75% believe that extreme weather events have become more frequent and intense, adversely affecting agricultural productivity. These findings align with empirical studies on climate change in the region and can serve as a basis for mobilizing public participation in government and non-governmental initiatives aimed at adaptation and mitigation.

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“…The Kashmir Valley is located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and has a large number of wetland ecosystems (Dar et al, 2021a). These wetland ecosystems have regional importance by helping sequester the atmospheric carbon dioxide in addition to supporting the livelihoods and serving the local populations by providing a variety of food resources (Bano et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the source contribution of organic matter accumulation in an urban wetland ecosystem

et al. 2022

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A better understanding of the organic matter (OM) dynamics is a key to successful wetland management. We established the radiocarbon chronology (14C) and vertical distribution of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), OM, and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) in the sediment core retrieved from the Anchar Wetland, Kashmir Himalaya. The accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) assisted 14C dating of the sediment core showed 14C age reversals related to occasional disturbances. The vertical distribution of various fractions revealed increased concentrations of organic carbon (OC), OM, and nutrients (N and P) in the upper part of the sediment core, largely related to increased anthropogenic inputs from the catchment areas during recent decades. Further, the low to high C/N ratio (1.3–36.4) suggests a combination of both the autochthonous and allochthonous inputs as the major contributors of OM to the wetland ecosystem. The linear regression model showed significant (p < 0.05) positive and negative relationships among various analyzed parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) resulted in three principal components (PCs) accounting for a cumulative variance of 83.6%. The PCA suggests that the primary production, human activities such as extraction of Lotus stems (Nadru) and fishing, and terrestrial inputs (sewage disposal and fertilizer runoff) are the major factors controlling the distribution of organic fractions and nutrients. This study provides important insights into the sources and distribution of sedimentary OM and nutrients crucial for assessing the risks of pollution and for adopting the socially, politically, and scientifically robust strategies for the management of wetlands.

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The Status of Current Knowledge, Distribution, and Conservation Challenges of Wetland Ecosystems in Kashmir Himalaya, India

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

Site response analysis beneath the Kashmir basin (NW Himalaya) using ambient noise

Site response analysis beneath the Kashmir basin (NW Himalaya) using ambient noise

Analysing Climate Change Manifestations Through People's Perception in Kashmir Valley, India.

Deciphering the source contribution of organic matter accumulation in an urban wetland ecosystem

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