The Status of Pollution in the Southern Marshes of Iraq: A Short Review

Salman, Nader A.; Al‐Saad, Hamid T.; Al-Imarah, Faris J. M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66238-7_27

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…In the case of freshwater marshes cover less than 20% of the world's total wetlands and play a crucial role in supplying essential ecosystem services [164,165]. In the case of Iraq's marshes, there is a concern to focus in petrogenic hydrocarbon pollution when Al-Hammar marshland was recognized with rich petroleum hydrocarbons [166]. Conversion of freshwater marshes to sugarcane cultivation in the Everglades Agricultural Area, Florida, USA, led to increased PAHs in soil layers used for sugarcane cultivation [167].…”

Section: Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Freshwater Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Sources, Distribution, and Impacts

Berríos-Rolón,

Cotto,

Márquez

2024

Preprint

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This review paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on the contamination of water systems by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs, organic contaminants characterized by two or more fused aromatic rings, are notably problematic due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and significant health risks. The review commences with an examination of various sources of PAHs in aquatic environments, encompassing both anthropogenic activities, such as industrial discharges, urban runoff, and oil spills, and natural phenomena including volcanic eruptions and wildfires. Subsequently, the discussion shifts to the distribution patterns of PAHs within different aquatic ecosystems, with an analysis of factors that influence their transport. Considerable focus is placed on the entry mechanisms of PAHs into water systems and their interactions with diverse environmental matrices. Additionally, the ecotoxicological effects of PAHs on aquatic life are scrutinized, with particular emphasis on molecular, individual, and ecosystemic impacts. This includes an exploration of PAH bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms and their potential mutagenic and carcinogenic consequences. The review further addresses the challenges associated with detecting and quantifying PAHs in aquatic settings, reflecting on the advancements in analytical methodologies and the complexities introduced by their varied physicochemical properties. The paper concludes with a summary of existing regulatory frameworks and guidelines governing PAH contamination in water systems, underscoring the imperative for global collaboration in the monitoring and management of PAH pollution.

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Section: Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Freshwater Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Sources, Distribution, and Impacts

Berríos-Rolón,

Cotto,

Márquez

2024

Preprint

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The Role of Organic Fertilizers in Transition to Sustainable Agriculture in the MENA Region

Avery¹

2022

New Generation of Organic Fertilizers

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Organic fertilizers can serve as an element of transitions to sustainable low-input agriculture in semi-arid regions of the MENA region. They play a key role in supporting soil biota and soil fertility. Yield improvements, availability and relatively low costs make organic fertilizers an attractive alternative for farmers. In semi-arid regions, important considerations are improved soil quality, which in turn affects soil water retention, while better root development helps crops resist heat and water stress. Organic fertilizers thus support climate adaptation and regional food security. Soil quality is crucial for carbon sequestration, at the same time that increased nutrient retention reduces impacts of agricultural runoff on groundwater and water bodies. Factors that impede the generalised use of organic fertilizers include lack of expertise, subsidy structures, constraints of the wider food and agricultural systems, and difficulties in transitioning from conventional agriculture. Such obstacles are aggravated in countries affected by security issues, financial volatility or restrictions in access to market. Against the background of both general and local constraints, the chapter examines possible pathways to benefit from organic fertilizers, in particular synergies with other sustainable agricultural practices, as well as improved access to expertise.

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The Status of Pollution in the Southern Marshes of Iraq: A Short Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Freshwater Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Sources, Distribution, and Impacts

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Freshwater Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Sources, Distribution, and Impacts

The Role of Organic Fertilizers in Transition to Sustainable Agriculture in the MENA Region

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