The steps of the Engineering Design Process (EDP) in science education: A systematic literature review

Abstract

Engineering is one of the crucial parts of STEM Education. The Engineering Design Process (EDP) is a new trend within science education reform. Most science teachers lack information regarding the usage of EDP in learning science. This study aims to review 40 articles from reputable international journals such as indexed by Scopus and Web of Science (WoS), which explains the steps of the EDP used in science education. The articles selected for review were the ones published in the last ten years, from 2011 to 2020. Some previous literature review studies focused on the EDP through projectoriented capstone courses, the EDP in middle school settings, and how to implement the EDP in science learning. However, this study focuses on the steps of the EDP used in science education (Science, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and a combination of science with other disciplines). In addition, this research also explains the strengths and weaknesses of EDP in science education. The research approach used was a systematic literature review. This study analyzed the representation of research according to their general characteristics consists of type of publication, year of publication, country, research approach, educational level, and science content. This study found that research on the EDP that is implemented at the university level is still limited, especially on subjects related to interdisciplinary knowledge. Furthermore, the steps of the EDP used in science education differ from one research to another. The most commonly used steps of the EDP are defining the problem, building, testing, evaluating, and redesigning. There are also several obstacles to the implementation of the EDP in science education. Regardless, the implementation has a positive influence on students, undergraduate students, teachers, or others. The results of this study provide an overview of how to implement the EDP in science education. Thus, it can be used as a reference for stakeholders in the field of science education when implementing EDP in their learning.

Developing pre-service primary teachers’ understanding of engineering through engineering habits of mind and engagement with engineers

“…However, this study demonstrates the possibility of using EHoM as another vehicle for raising the visibility of engineering that complements the use of the traditional vehicle, the EDP, in two ways. There are many, possibly confusing, variations of the EDP in use in science education (Winarno et al 2020) but there are fewer iterations of EHoM. The UK model used in this study (Lucas et al 2014) was developed from the US model (Katehi et al 2009) and is promoted in the UK by the Royal Academy of Engineering.…”

“…The widespread response of teacher educators to these challenges is to introduce PSTs to the engineering design process (EDP) as the vehicle for learning to teach engineering projects (Aydeniz and Bilican, 2018;Coppola, 2019;Lin and Williams, 2017;Mativo and Park, 2012;Radloff and Capobianco, 2019;Wendell et al 2019;Winarno et al 2020). However, most students starting primary teacher-training are unlikely to have had much exposure to engineering design at school (Dalvi et al 2020).…”

“…Pleasants and Olson (2019) suggest that not enough attention is given to explaining the culture of engineering and its characteristic way of thinking, and they argue that although design is important in engineering, students are unlikely to fully understand engineering solely through design projects. Winarno et al (2020) noted that no single model of EDP is used in science education and that few ideas are forthcoming about how to improve linkages between engineering and science. However, Asunda and Weitlauf (2018) have suggested that EHoM can be mapped on to design processes.…”

Engineering Design Process: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis

“…(Zheng et al, 2018). Engineering is an important part of STEM Education (Winarno et al 2020). In the disciplines of engineering and technology, design is of paramount importance at the center of practice and process (Arık and Topçu 2020).…”

“…One of the important parts in STEM education is engineering. The Engineering Design Process (EDP) is a new trend in science education reform and many science teachers are poorly informed about the use of EDP in science learning (Winarno et al 2020). In recent years, engineering design process (EDP) is one of the strategies available to implement STEM education, has been utilized by many STEM-related subjects educators as a mean to implement STEM (Hafiz and Ayop 2019).…”