The stimulation and inhibition of beta-2 adrenergic receptor on the inflammatory responses of ovary and immune system in the aged laying hens

Abstract

Background Ovarian chronic inflammation has been known to incidence in the laying hen mainly via increasing laying frequency and microbial infection, especially during late stage of production period. This study was aimed to evaluate beta-2 adrenergic agonist (Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist, BAA) Salmeterol and beta blocker (Beta Blocker, BB) Propranolol on the gene expression of the ovarian pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, inflammatory responses of immune system, ovarian functions and, hormones in the laying hens on the late stage of production period. Forty-eight White Leghorn hens aged 92 weeks were used for 4 weeks to be supplemented by Salmeterol and Propranolol. Ovulation rate and follicular growth were determined based on laying frequency and ovarian visual evaluation, respectively; the mRNA expressions of follicular beta-2 adrenergic receptor (Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor, β2ADR), cyclooxygenases (Cyclooxygenases, COX) 1 and 2, and cytokines were measured by real-time PCR. The plasma concentration of ovarian hormones, cellular, and humoral immune responses were measured via ELISA, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (Heterophil to Lymphocyte ratio, H:L), and sheep red blood cell (Sheep Red Blood Cell, SRBC) test, respectively. Results As compared to control, both of BAA Salmeterol and BB Propranolol resulted in a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of β2ADR, cyclooxygenases, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.01). A significant elevation was observed in the ovulation rate (P < 0.05), plasma estradiol content on both treated groups (P < 0.05), and the content of progesterone and was just significantly (P < 0.05) increased in Salmeterol group. H:L was reduced in BAA group (P < 0.05), and immunoglobulin (Ig) M was elevated in both treated hens, when compared to control. The results indicated that Salmeterol significantly increases body weight (P < 0.05). Conclusion The stimulation and inhibition of beta-2 adrenergic signaling could reduce ovarian inflammatory condition in addition to enhancing laying efficiency in the aged laying hens.

Transcriptome comparative analysis of ovarian follicles reveals the key genes and signaling pathways implicated in hen egg production

“…In this study, transcriptomic analysis of SYF follicles revealed higher mRNA levels of BCL2L14 , LOC424014 , ADRB2 , and GABRA1 , and lower mRNA levels of PRLL , HSD17B1 , NCAM2 , and NDUFAB1 genes in the JB hens as compared with LB hens, in which the most representative genes, ADRB2 and HSD17B1 , have been intensively studied in ovarian functions [ 38 , 39 ]. The β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) encoded by ADRB2 gene was mainly expressed in the GCs and Theca cells (TCs) of ovarian follicles and regulated the levels of cAMP and steroid production through activation of ADRB2/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway and/or ADRB2/cAMP/protein, phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling cascade [ 40 – 42 ]. However, the excessive ovarian steroidal response to gonadotropins and beta-adrenergic stimulation enhanced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an endocrine disorder characterized by anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries [ 36 , 37 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Evolutionarily conserved mechanisms regulating stress-induced neutrophil redistribution in fish

“…Previously, an anti-inflammatory action of β2-ADR agonists was observed in rodents and birds. For example, in hens, salmeterol (β2-ADR agonist) reduced the percentage of circulating heterophils (neutrophils of the avian species) compared to control and propranolol (β2-ADR antagonist)-treated birds ( 58 ) while in mice isoproterenol (selective β-adrenergic agonist), decreased neutrophil migration during peritonitis ( 59 ).…”